藏南羊卓雍错湖面非封冻期温湿变化及辐射平衡分析  

Analysis of variations in temperature,humidity,and radiation balance during the non-freeze period of the Yamzhog Yumco lake surface

作　　者：靳铮 张雪芹[1] 次旦央宗 JIN Zheng;ZHANG Xue-qin;Cidan Yangzong(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Lhasa Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Branch Bureau,Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Bureau,Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,Xizang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局拉萨水文水资源勘测分局,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第4期947-955,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0202)。

摘　　要：高寒湖泊是青藏高原气候系统的重要组成部分,观测分析其基本气象要素是研究高原气候变化不可或缺的环节。本文利用羊卓雍错白地水文站的湖面气象观测数据,分析了2016年、2017年4月3日至12月31日非封冻期的气温、湖面水温、相对湿度、风速风向、水面辐射的日变化、季节变化特征。结果显示:羊卓雍错观测站2016、2017年非封冻期平均气温分别为6.7℃、6.6℃,而平均气温日较差分别达到9.2℃、9.6℃,气温日变化幅度大。湖面水温高于气温,分别为8.1℃、8.3℃。相对湿度分别为50.6%、50.2%,其月平均值变化在观测期间与气温、水温均有良好的一致性。其中,湖面水温与相对湿度月平均值的相关系数在2016、2017年分别为0.91、0.87,湖面气温与相对湿度月平均值的相关系数则分别为0.94、0.97。冷季湖面的气温昼夜波动明显大于暖季,但水温的昼夜波动却小于暖季,导致冷季湖-陆温差更大,湖-风频率显著增加。非封冻期的整体辐射平衡状态为湖面净收入,其中净收入最高、最低的时段分别为8月和12月。通过对比分析纳木错、洱海结果表明羊卓雍错具备湖面气温日变化和季节变化幅度大、湖气间水热平衡关系在冷暖季节反差明显的高寒湖泊特征。Alpine lakes are important components of the climate system of the Tibetan Plateau.Observing and analysing the basic meteorological characteristics of alpine lakes is therefore indispensable for studying climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.Using meteorological data,this paper analysed the daily and monthly air and surface temperatures,relative humidity,wind speed/direction,and radiation at Yamzhog Yumco Lake from April 3 to December 31 in 2016 and 2017.The results indicated that the average air temperature of Yamzhog Yumco in the non-freezing periods in 2016 and 2017 was 6.7℃and 6.6℃,respectively,and the average daily temperature difference was 9.2℃and 9.6℃,respectively.The water temperature at the surface of the lake was 8.1℃and 8.3℃in 2016 and 2017,respectively,which was higher than the air temperature.The relative humidity was 50.6%and50.2%in 2016 and 2017,respectively,and the monthly average variation in relative humidity correlated with the air and water temperature variation during the observation periods.The correlation coefficients of the monthly averaged lake surface water temperature and relative humidity were 0.91 and 0.87 in 2016 and 2017,respectively,and the correlation coefficients of the monthly averaged lake surface air temperature and relative humidity were0.94 and 0.97,respectively.The overall fluctuation in the air temperature of the lake surface was greater during the cold season than during the warm season,but the difference in water temperature between day and night was lower during the warm season,resulting in a greater lake-land temperature difference and thus significantly windier conditions during the cold season.The overall radiation balance during the non-freezing periods is the net increment of the lake.The highest/lowest period of net income was August/December.Comparison with lakes Namco and Erhai indicate that Yamzhog Yumco exhibits the basic characteristics of alpine lakes,including large daily and seasonal temperature variation and a significant difference between t

关 键 词：高寒湖泊 湖面观测 温湿变化 辐射平衡 羊卓雍错 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P467