伊莱休·卡茨与大众传播研究:半个多世纪的学术演变  

Elihu Katz and Mass Communication Studies:The Evolution of American Empirical Communication Research Since the 1950s

作　　者：展宁 Zhan Ning

机构地区：[1]山东大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2020年第10期5-22,126,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：山东大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：伊莱休·卡茨作为半个多世纪传播研究的见证者与参与者,先是引领了有限效果论“主导范式”的构建,又在传播研究面临危机话语时,力图扩展媒介效果地图并为受众研究寻求更多元的路径与方法。论文将卡茨的重要作品作为美国传播研究从20世纪50年代发展至今的征候,尝试通过分析卡茨学术的演变将传播研究半个多世纪的历史串连起来,审视美国传播实证研究的知识路径与学科走向。受三位老师保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德、罗伯特·默顿与列奥·洛文塔尔的影响,卡茨的受众研究融入社会结构与文化情境面向,并寻求跨学科与多传统的对话。虽然难以摆脱效果研究功能主义的阴影,但是卡茨以“主动受众观”为起点的一系列研究借助塔尔德的理论源泉开创了传播研究在现代社会新的局面。As a witness and participant of communication research for more than half of a century,Elihu Katz led the establishment of the limited effect model as the dominant paradigm in the 1950s.He then managed to broaden the map of media effects and saught more pathways and methods for audience research when communication research faced crisis after the 1950s.Treating Katz’s significant works as the incarnations of American communication research since the 1950s,this paper tries to connect the history of American communication research to explore the communication studies’ path and future directions.Influenced by Paul Lazarsfeld,Robert Merton and Leo Lowenthal,Katz’s audience research absorbs more social structure and cultural context analysis and adopts an interdisciplinary and multipath approach.Although Katz still cannot completely avoid the influence of the functionalism of media effect research,a series of his interdisciplinary and multipath communication researches based on the active audience model responds closely to the key questions of modern society with the help of Gabriel Tarde’s theories.

关 键 词：伊莱休·卡茨 媒介效果 受众研究 功能主义 美国传播研究 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]