反事实假设句的功能及其表达手段  

Functions and Semantics Expressive Means of Counterfactual Hypothetical Sentences in Modern Chinese

作　　者：张雪平[1] ZHANG Xue-ping(Institute of Language Science and Language Planning,School of Literature,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院/语言科学与语言规划研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《通化师范学院学报》2020年第11期19-26,共8页Journal of Tonghua Normal University

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“现代汉语非典型假设句的结构和功能研究”(2020BYY001)。

摘　　要：现代汉语反事实假设句是用反证法进行推理论证的一种假设复句,常用“如果(不是/没有)……,就……”框架结构形式表示。说话人采用假设性反证释因或归谬法来证明或反驳某种观点,反证释因句的使用频率远高于反证归谬句,前者是典型的反事实假设表达法,多使用“X不是/没有”作假设标记,后者多使用“X说”作假设标记,其频率差异受表达的需要和言者认知心理的制约。句式反事实假设意义的表达通常依靠反事实假设标记、假设标记与词汇标记的配合,或者通过句子本身的语义内涵、特定的上下文语境等达成。语料统计结果表明,现代汉语中只有连词化的“要不是”是专职反事实假设标记。The counterfactual hypothetical conditional sentences is a rhetorical hypothetical complex sentence.The typical constructure form of that is frame structures"ruguo(如果)(bushi/meiyou)((不是/没有))……,jiu(就)……".It is used by the sentence to proof by contradiction to argue and reason.The sentence through disproof to explain reasons that has high frequency,and less inductive fallacy.The former is more typical than the latter,because expressing and cognitive psychology.The two sentences use"X bushi(不是/没有)"or"ruguoshuo(如果说)"each other as hypothetical marker.The ways to express the meaning of counterfactual hypothesis in Modern Chinese that has counterfactual hypothetical marker,coordination of lexical components and hypothetical markers,the semantic meaning of a hypothetical sentence and its specific context.The hypothetical conjunction"yaobushi(要不是)"is a special counterfactual hypothetical marker in modern Chinese.

关 键 词：反事实假设句 反证释因 反证归谬 反事实假设标记 “要不是” 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]