音频驱鸟设备对野生喜鹊最佳驱除模式研究  

The Optimal Bird-Repellent Model of Audio-Bird-Repellent for Wild Pica pica

作　　者：谢将剑[1] 李星光 杨俊 齐涛 杨紫合 王楠[2] XIE Jiangjian;LI Xingguang;YANG Jun;QI Tao;YANG Zihe;WANG Nan(School of Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《四川动物》2020年第6期630-638,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670553);国家电网有限公司科技项目(SGGR0000WLJS1801082);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2016ZCQ08)。

摘　　要：喜鹊Pica pica是北京地区引起鸟害的常见种类,现有音频驱鸟设备对其驱除效果有限,而驱鸟声音和模式直接影响驱除效果。以喜鹊的惨叫声、惊叫声和枪声3种类型声音为基础构建不同的驱鸟模式,通过野外实验探寻有效的驱除模式。记录不同声强、声音类型、声音组合和播放频次下喜鹊的行为反应,分析喜鹊逃离行为发生的概率,并以此评估驱鸟效果。结果表明:距离相同时,声强越大,驱鸟效果越好;声强相同时,单声惊叫、惨叫以及枪声的驱除效果之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.202),重复3次时,惊叫声和惨叫声比对应单声的驱除效果更好(惊叫声:P=0.004,惨叫声:P=0.005),不同时间间隔下惊叫声的驱除效果之间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.043),而时间间隔对惨叫声和枪声的驱除效果影响不大(枪声:P=0.773,惨叫声:P=0.364),不同时间间隔的不同声音组合中,枪声-惊叫-惨叫间隔0.5 s模式的驱除效果最优(P=0.046)。选择不同类型的声音、间隔时间和声音组合可以对喜鹊产生不同的驱除效果,采用高强度的、更符合自然环境下喜鹊行为反应的驱鸟模式,可以达到更好的驱除效果,并可延长驱鸟效果的时效。Pica pica is a common species causing bird damage in Beijing.The existing bird-repeller has limited effects.Bird-repellent sounds and models directly affect the effect of bird-repeller.In this study,in-field experiments were designed based on 3 kinds of sounds including distress call,alarm call of P.pica and gunshot,and then different bird-repellent models were constructed to achieve the efficient repellent model.Subsequently,the behaviors of P.pica in different bird-repellent models were observed,and the probability of bird escape was calculated to assess the effect of bird-repellent.The results indicated that:at the same distance,the greater the sound intensity,the better the repelling effect.Under the same sound intensity,there was no significant difference among the repelling effects of single distress call,alarm call and gunshot(P=0.202).When the sound was repeated for 3 times,the effects of distress call and alarm call were better than those of corresponding single sound(alarm call:P=0.004,distress call:P=0.005).The differences in the repelling effects of alarm call at different intervals was more significant(P=0.043),but the effect of distress call and gunshot repeatedly played at different intervals were not different(gunshot:P=0.773,distress call:P=0.364).Among the repelling effects of sounds with different combinations and different time intervals,the model of gunshot-alarm call-distress call with 0.5 s interval was the best(P=0.046).This study reveals that the selection of different types of sound,the interval and the sound combination has a significant impact on the repelling effect.The use of a high-strength bird repellent model similar with the behavioral response of bird in natural environment can achieve a better repelling effect,and may extend the time limit of bird-repellent effect.

关 键 词：喜鹊 音频驱鸟 驱鸟模式 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] S764.1[农业科学—森林保护学]