柑橘育苗钵装填转运机设计与试验  

Design and test of seedling pot filling and transporting machine for citrus

作　　者：徐勤超[1] 李善军[1] 张衍林[1] 孟亮[1] 卢红安 谢林 Xu Qinchao;Li Shanjun;Zhang Yanlin;Meng Liang;Lu Hong’an;Xie Lin(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agriculture University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第18期66-72,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0095);现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-26);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202001);柑橘全程机械化科研基地建设项目(农计发[2017]19号)。

摘　　要：目前国内柑橘育苗钵装填转运基本靠人工作业,生产效率低下。为了解决这一问题,该研究提出了一种可一次装填105钵的间歇式柑橘育苗钵机械装填转运机,采用EDEM对装填转运机基质分流过程进行分析,确定了基质分流部件分流板偏移量及高度的参数组合,设计了卸料机构的连杆传动方案,计算了各杆长度,分析了车架结构的强度,确定了车架结构的尺寸参数,并设计了整机的控制电路。加工试验样机,在搅拌机设定转速下,重复装填转运试验10次。试验结果表明,样机运行稳定,单次基质装填平均量330.5 kg,单次装填钵数105钵,平均装填时间约60 s,转运装置行走速度可达1.2 m/s,苗钵卸载下落可靠,排列整齐;单个育苗钵的平均最大装填量3.23 kg,最小装填量3.03 kg,平均装填量3.15 kg。样机结构设计合理,装填效率高,能够实现均匀装填、稳定转运的作业要求。研究结果可为后续柑橘苗钵装填转运设备的研制和优化提供参考。Container seedling raising of citrus has the advantages of fast survival and high survival rate after transplanting,and is becoming the main way of citrus cultivation.At present,the level of mechanization of vitrus container seedling cultivation in China is very low,mainly relying on manual operation,especially seedling pot filling,with high labor intensity and low production efficiency,which has become the main obstacle of industrial development.In order to sole this problem,a mechanical solution of filling and transporting 105 pots at one time was proposed.The machine consists of two independent parts:filling device and transporting device.The filling device included frame,scraping mechanism and driving mechanism;the transporting device included frame,power system,driving mechanism and steering mechanism.Before filling,he unlocking device was set to unlocking state.Then,the operating rod of the linkage mechanism was moved to the unlocking device and locked.At the same time,the flaps of the linkage mechanism moved to the horizontal filling state.Secondly,opened the seedling pots,putted the pot into the compartment in turn and covered with covering plate.Thirdly,started the transporting device,and moved the transporting device to the filling position with the guidance of the guiding wheel on the transporting device and guiding rail on the filling device.Then,turned on the control switch,the filling and transporting machine started,the substrate was scraped into the seeding pots after separating by the splitter plate.After filling,started the transporting device and moved it to unloading position.Unlocked the unlocking device,and moveed the operating rod of the linkage mechanism to the unloading state.The flaps moved to the vertical position under the action of the linkage mechanism,and the seedling pots in the compartments falled under the action of gravity.The optimal offset and height of splitter plate were determined based on the analysis of the substrate flow process by EDEM software,the scheme of the unloadi

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 柑橘 育苗钵 装填 转运 EDEM 

分 类 号：TP241.3[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S225.93[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]