“自我”的困境--《革命之路》的文化解读  

The Plight of the Self--A Cultural Interpretation of Revolutionary Road

作　　者：张文雯 ZHANG Wen-wen(School of Foreign Languages, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期116-122,共7页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：华东师范大学“语思”科研基金资助项目。

摘　　要：美国作家理查德·耶茨在小说《革命之路》中通过聚焦战后美国中产阶级夫妇们对于同质化生活的归依和反叛,反思了以经济繁荣和政治焦虑为特征的20世纪50年代“自我”美国民族性格所面临的“死路”。以文化批评的视角对小说中的“自我”困境和50年代“顺从文化”进行解读后可见,遵循主流价值的顺从者们或在消费社会的堕落之风中背离坚定的个人主义,生成“他人导向人格”;或在冷战意识形态的压抑下成为不属于自我的“组织人”。少数追求自我的社会反叛者遭遇了“新的异化”,陷入价值认同的困境和自由本身的悖论。因此,“自我”的堕落、压抑与异化体现了美国传统自我精神在50年代的式微,奏响了顺从文化中“自我”困境的主旋律。Richard Yates's Revolutionary Road recounts American middle-class couples'incorporation into and rebellion against the post-war life of homogeneity,thus reflecting on the dead end that the self—American national character—comes to in 1950s,the time when the society is characterized with affluence and anxiety.Based on an interpretation of the plight of the self in the novel and the conformity culture in 1950s from the perspective of cultural criticism,those who conform to the mainstream values either develop the“other-directed character”due to the degenerating influence of the consumer culture,or become“the organization men”owing to the suppressing power of the cold war ideology.By contrast,some social rebels who pursue the American self are confronted with“new alienation”,thus suffering from the identity crisis and the paradox of freedom.In this sense,the degeneration,repression and alienation of the self demonstrates the collapse of the traditional American self in 1950s,and produces a crystalline snapshot of the plight of the self under the influence of conformity culture.

关 键 词：自我 顺从文化 《革命之路》 理查德·耶茨 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]