铀及铀合金材料塑性变形机理及轧制技术研究进展  

Plastic Deformation Mechanisms and Rolling Technology of Uranium and Uranium Alloy

作　　者：刘泾源 崔晓磊 LIU Jingyuan;CUI Xiaolei(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Jiangyou 621907;National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,江油621907 [2]哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第18期22-34,42,共14页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875539)。

摘　　要：铀及铀合金以其优良的机械性能和核性能作为结构材料和功能材料广泛应用在能源和核工程领域中。低温下金属铀特殊的正交晶体结构导致其塑性变形性能与常规材料有着很大的不同,α-U形变机制以孪生为主,因此材料低温塑性成形性能较差,高温下的g-U具有体心立方结构,滑移系多,易于塑性变形,因此以往铀材料板材轧制通常在高温下(750~1 000℃)完成。由于放射性材料高温加工会引起严重的气溶胶污染,给环境及人员防护工作带来巨大困难,近年来,铀材料低温(<500℃)轧制技术的研发不断推进,通过理论的深入不断指导工艺的修正,使得α-U的轧制逐渐趋于成熟,目前低温轧制已获得了金属铀、U-Nb合金、U-Mo合金等多种板材,也为板料后续成形(拉深、旋压、胀形、冲裁等)技术的优化奠定基础。Uranium and its alloys as structural and functional materials are widely used in the field of energy and nuclear engineering for their excellent mechanical and nuclear properties.At low temperatures,the plastic deformation performance is different from that of conventional materials because of its orthorhombic crystalline structure.Twinning is the primary deformation mechanism ofα-U,therefore,the forming property of the material at low temperature is poor.At high temperature,g-U owns body-centered cubic structure,so plastic deformation is easy to occur by dislocations slipping.In the past,uranium and its alloys sheet rolling is usually finished at high temperature(750-1000℃).High temperature processing of radioactive materials can cause serious aerosol pollution,so protection of environment and personnel is difficult.In recent years,the research and development of low temperature(<500℃)rolling technology of uranium material is developed.By theory guiding technology,rolling technology of uranium is gradually maturing.At present,a variety of plates such as uranium metal,U-Nb alloy and U-Mo alloy have been obtained by low temperature rolling,and it also lays a foundation for the subsequent forming technology(such as drawing,spinning,bulging,blanking,etc.).

关 键 词：铀合金板材 轧制 变形机理 组织演变 

分 类 号：TG337[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]