极小种群野生植物崖柏的生殖物候、传粉及胚胎发育研究  

Research on reproductive phenology,pollination,and embryonic development of Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.,a plant species with extremely small populations

作　　者：金江群[1,2] 任风鸣 夏鹰[4] 刘正宇 陈玉菡[1,2] 张军 Jin Jiang-Qun;Ren Feng-Ming;Xia Ying;Liu Zheng-Yu;Chen Yu-Han;Zhang Jun(Resource Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chongqing Medical Plant Cultivation Research Institute, Nanchuan, Chongqing 408435,China;Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory on Research and Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources, Nanchuan, Chongqing 408435,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Chongqing Medical Plant Cultivation Research Institute, Chongqing 401120,China;Chongqing Wulong Forestry Bureau, Wulong, Chongqing 408500,China;Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Forest Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Nanchuan, Chongqing 408435,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市药物种植研究所中药资源中心,重庆南川408435 [2]特色生物资源研究与利用川渝共建重点实验室,重庆南川408435 [3]重庆市药物种植研究所生物技术研究院,重庆401120 [4]重庆市武隆区林业局,重庆武隆408500 [5]重庆市金佛山森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站,重庆南川408435

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2020年第5期696-706,共11页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：重庆市科技局科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2019jxjl0193);重庆市级财政极小种群野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设项目。

摘　　要：以濒危植物崖柏(Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.)为对象,对其生殖物候、传粉机制进行观察,并采用石蜡切片法对其胚胎发育过程进行研究。结果显示:崖柏于8月分化出大、小孢子叶球,次年3月传粉,为花粉无气囊、具传粉滴、胚珠直立型传粉机制,球果于10月开裂;显微观察发现,传粉期花粉进入珠孔后,贮藏在珠心上方的贮粉室内,同时珠心组织中分化出孢原细胞,进入雌配子体发育阶段,5月中旬,花粉管开始萌发,6月初完成受精,进入胚胎发育阶段,10月初,胚胎发育成熟。研究表明崖柏从大、小孢子叶球形成至种子成熟的整个发育过程中均存在败育,而胚珠败育及雌配子体游离核时期至幼胚发育期间的败育是其生殖障碍的主要原因。本研究获得了崖柏生殖生物学的基础资料,为其人工繁育和制定保护策略提供了重要依据。We observed and recorded the reproductive phenology,pollination mechanism,and embryonic development of an endangered plant species(Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.).Results showed that:T.sutchuenensis began to differentiate the pistillate strobilus and staminate strobilus in August and pollinated in March of the following year.The pollination mechanism was non-saccate pollen sink into the pollination drop,which was exuded from upright ovules.Its cones became mature for dehisce in October.As seen from microscopic observations,after pollen entered the micropyle,it was stored at the pollen chamber above the nucellus.Some cells in the nucellus differentiated into sporogonia and entered the female gametophyte development stage.In mid-May,pollen was germinated,with fertilization accomplished in early June,after which time the embryo began to develop,finally maturing in early October.Our research also showed that abortion existed throughout the development process from the formation of the pistillate strobilus and staminate strobilus to seed maturation.The major reasons for reproductive failure were ovule abortion and abortion from the megagametophyte during the free nucleus to young embryo stages.This study provides essential information on the reproductive biology of T.sutchuenensis,thus providing a basis for its artificial breeding and formulation of protection strategies.

关 键 词：崖柏 生殖物候 传粉机制 受精 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：Q949.66+7[生物学—植物学] Q944.5