三种蜂花粉在西方蜜蜂消化道内排空时间的测定  

Processing time of three kinds of bee pollen in the digestive tract of Apis mellifera L.

作　　者：王颖[1] 马兰婷[2] 刘振国[2] 王红芳[2] 胥保华[2] WANG Ying;MA Lan-Ting;LIU Zhen-Guo;WANG Hong-Fang;XU Bao-Hua(Department of Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学科技处,泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学动物科技学院,泰安271000

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2020年第5期1111-1119,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31702195);泰山产业领军人才高效生态农业创新类项目(Tscy 20190102);国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-44)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了确定西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.消化道的排空时间,比较了茶花蜂花粉、油菜蜂花粉和玉米蜂花粉在不同日龄西方蜜蜂消化道内的排空率。【方法】本试验利用西方蜜蜂室内盒养技术,分别配制含有Cr_2O_3标记物的茶花蜂花粉、油菜蜂花粉和玉米蜂花粉日粮饲喂新出房西方蜜蜂,每日粮组蜜蜂分别在饲喂至3日龄、6日龄和9日龄时进行禁饲处理,在禁饲0、24、48和72 h后采集西方蜜蜂样本并解剖其消化道,比较各组蜜蜂的消化道排空率、采食量以及中肠、回肠和直肠长度的差异。【结果】除3日龄西方蜜蜂在禁饲的24 h、6日龄西方蜜蜂在禁饲的0 h和24 h、9日龄蜜蜂在禁饲48 h时,各处理组的消化道排空率存在显著差异外(P<0.05),其它禁饲时段各处理组之间消化道排空率无显著差异(P>0.05),不同处理组的不同日龄蜜蜂均在禁饲后的72 h完成消化道排空。尽管试验中期,蜜蜂对玉米蜂花粉的总采食量显著低于茶花蜂花粉和油菜蜂花粉(P<0.05),但试验期末各处理组蜜蜂的总采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);蜂花粉类型和禁饲期对不同日龄蜜蜂中肠和直肠长度的差异性影响无明显规律,对回肠长度的影响最小。【结论】对于9日龄以内的西方蜜蜂,无论饲喂茶花蜂花粉、油菜蜂花粉或玉米蜂花粉,均在采食后72 h内完成消化道排空。[Objectives]To determine the processing time of Camellia pollen,rape pollen and corn pollen,in the bee digestive tract.[Methods]Honeybees were fed either Camellia pollen,rape pollen or corn pollen,containing a Cr2O3 marker.Three,six and nine day old honeybees were prevented from feeding for 0,24,48 and 72 h,respectively,after which their digestive tracts were dissected for examination.The emptying rate of the digestive tract,food intake and the length of the midgut,ileum and rectum of each treatment group was compared.[Results]With the exception of 3-day-old bees fasted for 24 hours,6-day-old bees fasted for 0 and 24 hours,and 9-day-old bees fasted for 48 hours,there were significant differences in the emptying rate of the digestive tract among the treatment groups(P<0.05).The digestive tracts of all treatment groups were completely empty after fasting for 72 h.Although the total consumption of corn pollen was significantly lower than that of Camellia and rape pollen(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the total food intake of each treatment group at the end of the experiment(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the length of the midgut and rectum of the different age groups,and the influence of diet on ileum length was small.[Conclusion]The digestive tract of honeybees<9 days old empties within 72 h,irrespective of the kind of bee pollen ingested.

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 蜂花粉 消化道 排空时间 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]