蜜蜂在猕猴桃园的访花行为和授粉效果评估  

Flower-visiting behavior and pollination by honeybees in kiwifruit orchards

作　　者：韩胜明[1] 赖康[2] 赵亚周[1] 白峰 李治菲 彭文君[1] HAN Sheng-Ming;LAI Kang;ZHAO Ya-Zhou;BAI Feng;LI Zhi-Fei;PENG Wen-Jun(Institute of Apicultural Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Sichuan Province Apiculture Management Station,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Hua Sheng Agricultural Co.,LTD.Mianzhu 618200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京100093 [2]四川省蜂业管理站,成都610041 [3]四川华胜农业股份有限公司,.绵竹618200

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2020年第5期1131-1138,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100402);国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-43-KXJ17)。

摘　　要：【目的】意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica和中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是中国授粉应用最为广泛的蜂种,二者在传粉方式和传粉效率方面因不同作物而各有不同。为了在二者中选用最为理想的蜂种为猕猴桃授粉,提高猕猴桃的产量和品质。【方法】于2016-2018年连续3年在四川省绵竹市的猕猴桃园进行中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的访花行为及授粉效果的评价研究。【结果】在温度高的12:00-14:00时段,蜜蜂采集积极性最高,且意大利蜜蜂的访花数量明显多于中华蜜蜂,表现出群势大的优势;利用浸泡过花瓣的糖水对授粉蜂群进行奖励饲喂有助于提高中华蜜蜂对猕猴桃花的采访积极性;相比于人工授粉,蜜蜂授粉可以显著提升猕猴桃的产量。【结论】本研究认为经过合适的诱导方式诱导后,蜜蜂尤其是中华蜜蜂的蜂群,可以实现为猕猴桃高效授粉。[Objectives]To determine which bee species,Apis mellifera ligustica or Apis cerana cerana,is best for kiwifruit pollination,and thereby improve the yield and quality of kiwifruit.[Methods]We compared flower-visiting behavior and pollination by A.c.cerana and A.m.ligustica in a kiwifruit orchard in Mianzhu City,Sichuan Province for 3 years from 2016 to 2018.[Results]Bees were most active during the warmest part of the day;from 12:00 to 14:00.A.m.ligustica visited significantly more flowers than A.c.cerana,which reflects the greater colony size of A.m.ligustica.Feeding petal syrup to A.c.cerana colonies could encourage flower-visiting by this species.Compared to artificial pollination,honeybee pollination can significantly increase the yield of kiwifruit.[Conclusion]Honeybees,especially A.c.cerana,can be efficient pollinators of kiwifruit.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 蜜蜂授粉 人工授粉 访花行为 果实产量 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学] S897.3[农业科学—园艺学]