农田昆虫类群组成与玉米大斑病发生联系研究  

The relationship between the insect community and Exserohilum turcicum in corn fields

作　　者：冯立超[1] 耿凯 张少庆[2] 周妍 张玉凤 张爽[1] 赵丽娜[1] 陈殿元[1] FENG Li-Chao;GENG Kai;ZHANG Shao-Qing;ZHOU Yan;ZHANG Yu-Feng;ZHANG Shuang;ZHAO Li-Na;CHEN Dian-Yuan(Department of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin 132101,China;Testing and Analysis Center,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院,吉林132101 [2]:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所分析测试中心,长春130102

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2020年第5期1181-1189,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41430857);吉林省教育厅高校创新团队——作物遗传育种团队(115012017005);吉林市科技创新发展计划项目(20190105185);吉林省优势特色学科建设项目——作物学;吉林省教育厅作物遗传改良与种质创新工程研究中心。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨农田内玉米大斑病Exserohilum turcicum发生与昆虫类群组成之间联系,昆虫体壁对玉米大斑病病原物携带情况。【方法】结合病虫害野外调查、病原物室内培养分离、生理生化及分子生物学鉴定方法确定昆虫体壁携带玉米大班病病原物。【结果】通过对农田内玉米大斑病发生时期的昆虫类群组成调查,发现农田内的昆虫群落物由9目,45科,60种昆虫昆虫所组成,包括双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、膜翅目、蜉蝣目、脉翅目、直翅目及革翅目。其中,双翅目为优势类群,其次为鞘翅目和鳞翅目。通过室内对虫体壁病原物进行镜检、分离纯化及病原物DNA序列测定比对,发现农田内昆虫体壁携带玉米大斑病病原物。鞘翅目2种昆虫独角蚁形甲Notoxus monoceros和双斑萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica携菌率显著高于双翅目昆虫(P<0.05),但携菌昆虫种类少于双翅目。玉米大斑病爆发期农田内昆虫数量与玉米大斑病发病等级相关性分析结果表明,昆虫种类随着玉米大斑病病情的加重而呈现正相关关系。【结论】农田内昆虫类群组成与玉米大斑病病原物存在一定关联,昆虫体壁携带玉米大斑病病原物对玉米大斑病传播作用不明显。[Objectives]To explore the relationship between the occurrence of northern corn leaf blight and insect community composition in farmland,and identify insect vectors of this pathogen.[Methods]Field investigation,pathogen separation and purification,physiological identification and biochemistry and molecular biology,were used to identify insects carrying Exserohilum turcicum.[Results]Sixty insect species,from forty-five families and nine orders(Diptera,Coleoptera,Lepidoptera,Hemiptera,Hymenoptera,Ephemeroptera,Neuroptera,Orthoptera and Dermaptera)were investigated during an outbreak of northern corn leaf blight(Exserohilum turcicum)in corn fields.The Diptera were the dominant order and the Coleoptera the second most abundant.Microscopy and DNA analysis revealed that the E.turcicum pathogen was present in insect species.We suspect that the two Coleoptera species(Notoxus monoceros and Monolepta hieroglyphica)carry more pathogen than the Diptera(P<0.05),however,the species richness of virus vectors was lower among the Coleoptera than among the Diptera.There was a correlation between insect species and the incidence E.turcicum in corn crops.[Conclusion]Transmission of E.turcicum by insects may play a small role in outbreaks of this disease.

关 键 词：玉米大斑病 玉米发病率 昆虫物种丰富度 相关性 

分 类 号：S435.131.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]