清末民初国名中的单双音节问题初探——以百种白话报刊为语料的讨论  

A Preliminary Study on Single and Double Syllable in the Country Names in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China——Discussion on 100 Vernacular Newspapers and Periodicals

作　　者：张文国[1] Zhang Wenguo(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Ji’nan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《现代语文》2020年第8期4-9,共6页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于百种白话报刊的清末民初白话词汇研究(1897-1918)”(14BYY106)。

摘　　要：在清末民初的白话报刊中,国名的表达方式主要有全称、简称、“全称+国”、“简称+国”四种,每种之下又有一些特殊的次类。在构词上,“单音节国名+国”形式的使用范围很广,同时也大量存在着“多音节国名+国”形式。在用法上,单音节国名可以和多音节国名并列出现,而且国名的四种表达方式可以混用。这些现象说明当时汉语的明晰性原则占有重要地位,与现代汉语中韵律原则更为优先形成鲜明对比。二者的转移说明了两个时期的汉语在单双音节选择使用上的异同以及汉语双音化的发展历程,更能揭示出汉语结构形成策略的变化。In the vernacular newspapers and periodicals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the expression of country name mainly includes four kinds:full name,abbreviation,“full name+guo(国)”and“abbreviated name+guo(国)”,each of which has some special subcategories.In word formation,the form of“monosyllabic country name+guo(国)”is very common,and a large number of“polysyllabic country name+guo(国)”forms exist.In terms of usage,monosyllabic country name can be juxtaposed with polysyllabic country name,and the four expressions of country name can be mixed.These phenomena show that the clarity principle of Chinese plays an important role at that time,which is in contrast with the rhythmic principle in modern Chinese.The transfer shows the similarities and differences in the choice and use of monosyllabic syllables and double syllables in the two periods and the development of disyllabification.Further,it can reveal the change of the formation strategy of Chinese structure.

关 键 词：单双音节问题 国名 清末民初 白话报刊 明晰性原则 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]