《现代汉语词典》“空穴来风”释义商榷  

The Interpretation of“Kongxuelaifeng(空穴来风)”in the Modern Chinese Dictionary

作　　者：宋奇霞 Song Qixia(College of Literature,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《现代语文》2020年第8期94-99,共6页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：在《现代汉语词典》(2002年增补本)中,“空穴来风”的释义为“比喻消息和传说不是完全没有原因的”。随着社会的发展和人们认知的变化,“空穴来风”的语义逐渐向“事出无因”“无根据”演变。在《现代汉语词典》(第5版)中,“空穴来风”的释义变为“比喻消息和传说不是完全没有原因,现多用来比喻消息和传说毫无根据”。这并未全面反映出旧义已经消亡、新义占据绝对优势的语言实际。现行辞书对这一类语义变化的词语的解释往往存在模糊性、滞后性的问题。建议词典针对语义变化的词语释义编写可采取“保留旧义,突出新义”的处理方式。The paraphrase of“Kongxuelaifeng(空穴来风)”in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(supplement)is that weakness lends wings to rumors.With the development of society and the changes of human cognition,the lexical meaning has changed to things out of the cause or no basis.But in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(fifth Edition),“Kongxuelaifeng(空穴来风)”only added a new paraphrase which is now used to metaphor the news and legends have no basis mostly.This change did not report that the old meaning has disappeared and the new meaning is being used by modern media and the masses with absolute advantages.However,the current authoritative dictionaries have a problem of ambiguity and hysteresis with the interpretation of such words changing meaning.Dictionaries can adopt the treatment method that retaining the primary meaning,highlighting the new meaning to write the paraphrases of the words changing meaning.

关 键 词：“空穴来风” 《现代汉语词典》 词义演变 词典编纂 语言规范化 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]