我国农民工养老实然困境分析与应然路径突破  

The Actual Predicaments of Migrant Workers in China and the Ideal Reform of the Pension Policies

作　　者：郑拓 Zheng Tuo(School of Economics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2020年第5期183-206,共24页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：基于马克思的劳动力再生产理论和社会主义分配理论,本文探讨了农民工群体养老现状的历史成因和面临的困境,以及在全面建成小康社会攻坚时期如何通过可行的养老制度改革来防止农民工因老致贫、因老返贫,从而完成精准扶贫补短板的任务。文章构建了社会养老保险参保模型,并通过典型农民工数值模拟法分析了农民工养老待遇的绝对水平和相对水平。研究发现,我国城乡居民基本养老保险的保障水平过低,参保农民工退休后平均养老金收入刚过贫困线;社会养老保险制度中的性别歧视导致更多女性被排除在拥有较高保障水平的城镇职工基本养老保险外;户籍歧视导致农民工参保收益低于城镇户籍劳动者。因此应当实施推迟女性农民工退休年龄和鼓励农民工以地养老的长短期相结合的改革政策。Based on the Marxist reproduction theory of labor power and the socialist distribution theory with Chinese characteristics,this paper discusses the historical causes and the current difficulties of the pension policies of migrant workers and investigates the feasible reform path to prevent migrant workers from falling into poverty to accomplish the task of targeted poverty alleviation in the crucial period of building a well-off society in an all-round way.By constructing a social endowment insurance participation model and applying the typical numerical simulation method,this paper examines the absolute and relative levels of the pension benefits of migrant workers.The analysis finds that the benefits of the Pension System for Urban and Rural Residents are too low:the average pension income of migrant workers after retirement merely exceeds the poverty line,the participation rate of the high return Urban Employees Basic Old-Age Insurance for women is inadequate due to gender discrimination in the social pension system,and the pension annuities of migrant workers are inferior compared to urban workers because of household registration discrimination.Therefore,long-term and short-term reform policies should be implemented to postpone the retirement age of female migrant workers and to encourage migrant workers to supplement their pension with their farming land.

关 键 词：农民工 社会养老保险 劳动力价值 收入分配制度 以地养老 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F323.89F842.67