风险、技术与中国新型农业经营主体化肥使用量  

Risk,Technology and the Amount of Fertilizer Used by Chinese New Agricultural Management Entities

作　　者：孔庆洋[1] 闵继胜[1] KONG Qing-yang;MIN Ji-sheng(School of Economics and Management,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学经济管理学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期87-97,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71503005);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773001);安徽省2019年度高校优秀青年人才支持计划(gxyqZD2019007)。

摘　　要：过量使用化肥除了污染环境和损害人类健康外,土壤板结等问题也威胁到了农业的可持续发展。基于农业部家庭农场监测数据发现,风险和技术水平使中国新型农业经营主体相对周边农户分别增加和减少了化肥使用量,IV估计和稳健性检验都支持这一结论。进一步研究还发现,小型和中型新型农业经营主体风险状况越高,化肥使用量也越大;而大型新型农业经营主体有降低化肥使用量的倾向,大型新型农业经营主体具有技术优势,化肥使用量更低,也更环保,技术在风险状况对化肥使用量的影响过程中存在显著的调节作用。作为新兴农业主体的家庭农场过量施用化肥的比例高达73.25%,中国新兴农业主体确实不清洁。应鼓励农民以农业保险的形式支付风险对价,减少多用化肥的危害。Excessive use of chemical fertilizer will pollute the environment and harm human health,soil compaction also threaten the sustainable development of agriculture.Based on the monitoring data of the family farms of the ministry of agriculture,this paper finds that relative to the surrounding farmers,the risk and technical level of Chinese new agricultural management entities in China increase and decrease the use of fertilizer respectively.This is supported by both the IV estimation and robustness test.Further research also found that the high risk status of small-scale and medium-scale new agricultural management entities,the grater the fertilizer use,but the use of large-scale new agricultural management entities has falled;large-scale new agricultural management entities have technological advantages,the use of chemical fertilizer is lower,and they are more environmentally friendly.Technology plays a significant role in regulating the impact of risk conditions on fertilizer use.The proportion of excessive use of chemical fertilizer on family farms as new agricultural management entities is as high as 73.25%.The new agricultural management entities in China is indeed unclean.Farmers should be encouraged to pay risk in the form of agricultural insurance to reduce the harm of using more chemical fertilizers.

关 键 词：风险 化肥 技术 规模 

分 类 号：F304.7[经济管理—产业经济]