化肥减施有机肥施用及秸秆还田下双季稻产量变化及光合特征研究  

Study on Yield Change and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Double-cropping Rice under Organic Fertilizer Application and Straw Returning under Reduced Fertilizer Application

作　　者：胡柯鑫 罗尊长 董春华[2] 洪曦[2] 孙梅[2] 谢宜[1,2] 周旋 刘杰 孙耿[2] HU Kexin;LUO Zunchang;DONG Chunhua;HONG Xi;SUN Mei;XIE Yi;ZHOU Xuan;LIU Jie;SUN Geng(Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第5期107-114,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0200809,2017YFD0200808);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2018ZD02-2);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B03)。

摘　　要：为探索有机肥施用协同晚稻秸秆还田下双季稻产量变化及光合特征。设置田间小区试验,研究早晚稻均减施20%,30%及40%化肥氮、早稻减施40%化肥钾对双季稻产量、幼穗分化期倒三叶叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,早晚稻减施化肥氮、早稻减施化肥钾均可提升幼穗分化期叶片光合性能,改善土壤理化性质,促进双季稻增产。以早晚稻减施30%化肥氮、早稻减施40%钾(T4)的效果最佳,与常规施肥处理相比,双季稻周年稻谷产量提高6.0%;其早稻稻谷产量提高7.5%,倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr及SPAD降低6.8%,22.4%,14.6%,11.0%,Ci提高17.6%;晚稻稻谷产量提高4.4%,倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr及SPAD提高18.5%,31.9%,8.6%,22.4%,Ci降低5.8%,双季稻收获期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量与有机质含量均有提高。研究结果对指导双季稻田有机肥协同晚稻秸秆还田下化肥氮、钾减施有重要的指导意义。In order to explore the yield change and photosynthetic characteristics of double cropping rice under the application of organic fertilizer and late rice straw.Field experiments were conducted to study the effects about reduction of 20%,30%and 40%N fertilizer and 40%K fertilizer on the yield,Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr,SPAD and soil physical and chemical properties of double cropping rice.The results showed that reducing fertilizer nitrogen and fertilizer potassium in early and late rice could improve photosynthetic performance,soil physical and chemical properties and yield of double-cropping rice at the stage of young panicle differentiation.Compared with conventional fertilization,the annual yield of double-cropping rice increased by 6.0%,the yield of early rice increased by 7.5%,the Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD of the first three leaves decreased by 6.8%,22.4%,14.6%,11.0%,Ci increased by 17.6%,the yield of late rice increased by 4.4%,and the Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD of the first three leaves increased by 18.5%,31.9%,8.6%,22.4%,respectively,Ci decreased by 5.8%.Soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter contents increased during double cropping rice harvest.The results have important guiding significance for guiding the reduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application in double cropping paddy field combined with late rice straw returning.

关 键 词：双季稻 化肥减施 商品有机肥 晚稻秸秆还田 水稻产量 光合特征 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S141[农业科学—农业基础科学]