论高空抛坠物侵权案件中的公安机关调查权  

On the Investigation Power of Public Security Organ in the Tort Cases of Throwing and Falling Objects

作　　者：叶涛[1] Ye Tao(Zhejiang Police College,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院法律系,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《中国人民公安大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期110-118,共9页Journal of People’s Public Security University of China:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：《民法典》第1254条规定了高空抛坠物侵权案件中的公安机关调查权。该调查权是警察权从刑事司法和治安管理延伸至民事侵权领域的表现。警察权介入民事侵权的正当性依据是侵权责任法的社会本位价值与警察权的辅助功能扩张。高空抛坠物行为由于其侵权责任规范的特殊性,需要公安机关介入调查,以弥补私法规范调整的不足,维护社会公共安全与民事合法权益。公安机关调查权应区分为刑事侦查权、治安调查权与侵权调查权,前两者为警察权主要任务,后者为警察权辅助任务。对高空抛坠物案件的侵权调查权是一项法定的民事司法协助权,具有协助性、程序性和法定性特征,可以从对象范围、手段措施及证据效力三个方面予以规制。警察权介入民事侵权应当采取“一般条款+特别法规定”的形式,在符合一定介入标准基础上,以民事司法协助权的路径予以实现。Article 1254 of the Civil Code stipulates the investigation power of public security organ in the throwing and falling objects for damage cases.The investigation power originates from criminal judicature and security administration to tort liability area.The reason of police power solving civil tort is social standard value of tort law and auxiliary function of police power.Because of the particularity of the tort liability regulations,the behavior of throwing and falling objects requires public security organs to intervene in investigations to make up for the lack of adjustments in private law regulations,and to safeguard social public safety and civil legal rights.The investigation power of public security organ is a statutory civil judicial assistance power and does not involve the substantive determination of civil legal relationships.The investigation power of public security organ has the characteristics of assistance,procedural and statutory nature,and can be regulated from three aspects:the scope of the object,the means and the effectiveness of evidence.The intervention of police power in civil tort should be realized in the form of"general clauses+special law regulations",and on the basis of meeting certain intervention standards,through the path of civil judicial assistance rights.

关 键 词：高空抛坠物 公安机关调查权 警察权 民事侵权 民事司法协助权 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]