圆管锥面缝隙式小麦气吸播种机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Wheat Seeder with Suction and Metering Device with Cone Surface of Circular Tube

作　　者：赵金[1] 张晋国[1] 粘永康 郑超[1] ZHAO Jin;ZHANG Jinguo;NIAN Yongkang;ZHENG Chao(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,保定071001

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S01期34-42,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300907)。

摘　　要：为了实现小麦精播技术,针对黄淮海北部小麦玉米一年两熟区,设计了圆管锥面缝隙式小麦气吸播种机,重点设计了圆管锥面缝隙式小麦气吸排种器。通过室内台架试验确定了当缝隙宽度为0.70 mm,锥面角度为90°,负压为4.0 kPa时,圆管锥面缝隙式小麦气吸排种器的吸附率为85.89%。通过台架对比试验得出缝隙表面有1.5倍种子长的锯齿形间距时,吸附率可提高到88.82%。通过计算得出排种器作业时所需负压,整机作业时,能使种子被成功吸附的负压范围为8.0~13.3 kPa,计算得所需风机功率应大于1.47 kW。通过田间试验得出,圆管锥面缝隙式播种机的播种均匀性变异系数平均值为31.20%,较传统排种器有显著提高。Because of the accumulated temperature which results in two cultivations of crops in a year in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai is not enough to affect wheat tillering,people are accustomed to sowing wheat in large quantities.This sowing method not only causes wastes of water,fertilizer and other resources,but also affects the whole growth and yield of the whole wheat population due to its poor uniformity of sowing.The mechanization of wheat planting in China has been popularized,most areas use mechanical seeders for sowing,and the air suction type wheat planters have not been widely used.Compared with the mechanical seed metering device,the pneumatic seed metering device has the advantages of good applicability,good seeding uniformity,etc.,therefore,the main purpose was to design a wheat air suction planter that can achieve single grain precision sowing well.The circular tube cone slot type wheat air suction seeder was designed.Through the analysis and research of several generations of prototypes developed by Professor Zhang Jinguo's team of Hebei Agricultural University since 2008,it can be known that the gap structure used in wheat air suction seeder can improve the uniformity of filling and seeding.In view of the problems existing in previous generations of round tube slot wheat seeding machine and the problem that excess seeds were easily accumulated around the gap,a new type of pipe cone slot type wheat suction and metering device was designed to realize precision seeding,reduce the amount of sowing,and improve the uniformity of seeding effect.The structure and working principle of wheat seed suction and metering device with cone surface were introduced,and the main parameters were determined.According to the research results of previous generations of sample machines,the main parameters affecting the seed arrangement performance of the circular tube cone surface slot wheat air suction and seed ejector were determined,which were gap width,cone surface angle and negative pressure respectively.The optimum paramet

关 键 词：气吸式播种机 小麦 圆管锥面缝隙式排种器 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]