如何提高金融扶贫质量:基于贫困村互助资金收入效应的经验研究  

How to Improve the Quality of Financial Poverty Alleviation:An Empirical Study Based on the Income Effect of the Poor Village Mutual Funds

作　　者：汪三贵[1,2] 孙俊娜 王琼[1] WANG Sangui;SUN Junna;WANG Qiong(China Poverty Alleviation Research Institute,Renmin University of China;School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《宏观质量研究》2020年第6期16-27,共12页Journal of Macro-quality Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(71661147001)的资助。

摘　　要：扶贫贴息贷款和扶贫小额信贷两种依托正规金融机构的金融扶贫政策存在市场化运营与扶贫政治任务下公益性目标之间的矛盾。贫困村互助资金作为非正规金融扶贫的一种重要创新形式,根植于贫困村,实行民有、民用、民管、民享,降低了农户的融资成本与门槛,并且充分利用农村熟人社会特征,通过合作金融形式降低了违约风险,在长期存续、帮助农户稳定脱贫增收方面具有重要优势。利用5省10县1082户农户的三期面板数据,采用双重差分模型(DID),对互助资金的收入效应及其作用渠道进行实证检验发现,使用互助资金显著增加了贫困村农户家庭收入,虽然随着互助资金滚动使用,这种促增效应有所减弱,但扶贫效果依然显著。进一步从影响渠道来看,互助资金主要通过增加农业生产投入、促进非农经营活动和促进非农就业转移三个渠道帮助农户增收,通过提高农户的自我发展能力实现脱贫增收,真正实现了金融扶贫质量提高。Poverty alleviation discount loan and poverty alleviation micro-finance are two on-going ways to realize poverty alleviation by means of financial policies,which rely on formal financial institutions.However,there exists an inevitable contradiction between the marketization operations and the public welfare objectives within the political task of poverty alleviation.In this context,as an important innovative form of rural informal financial poverty alleviation,the poor village mutual funds,originating from poor villages,is owned,used,managed and benefited by the villagers,reducing the financing cost and threshold of the local farmers.The poor village mutual funds,by making full use of the social characteristics of rural acquaintances as well as the form of cooperative finance,reduces the risk of default,which enjoys important advantages in its long-term survival,helping the local farmers in stabilizing their poverty alleviation and income increase.This paper,by using the panel data of 1,082 rural households from ten counties in five provinces and adopting difference-in-difference(DID)model,makes an empirical test of the income effect and the influence channels of the poor village mutual funds and finds that such mutual funds notably increases the income of the rural households involved.Though with the scroll use,its promotional effect becomes somewhat weaker,such mutual funds still exerts a significant effect.It is also found that the use of the mutual funds has an income increasing effect on both the poor and non-poor rural households,but the effect on the poor is not statistically meaningful.Further research finds that,in terms of the influence channels,the mutual funds helps the local farmers raise their income mainly through the three ways,respectively,of increasing the local farmers’input in agricultural production,promoting non-farming business activities,and promoting non-farming employment transfer.By enhancing the self-development abilities of the local farmers in realizing poverty alleviation and inco

关 键 词：金融扶贫质量 贫困村互助资金 非正规金融扶贫 收入效应 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F832.43