基于地形梯度的贵州乌江流域土地利用时空演变分析  

Spatial-temporal evolution of land use in Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province based on the terrain gradient

作　　者：刘纯军 周国富[1] 黄启芬[1] 雷嫦 周宇洋 张娜[1] LIU Chunjun;ZHOU Guofu;HUANG Qifen;LEI Chang;ZHOU Yuyang;ZHANG Na(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期45-54,共10页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2017]2580);贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础[2019]1231)。

摘　　要：地形因子作为自然驱动因素的重要组成内容,对土地利用的空间格局具有重要影响。以贵州省乌江流域为例,借助DEM提取高程、坡度信息并构建地形位指数,通过土地利用多样性指数、土地利用程度指数,探讨贵州省乌江流域1990—2017年土地利用的地形梯度特征。结果表明:乌江流域土地利用变化总体分为两个阶段:第一阶段(1990—2000年),土地利用的变化特征表现为:林地面积减少、耕地与草地的面积均增加;第二阶段(2000—2017年),土地利用的变化特征表现为:林地面积增加,耕地与草地面积减少;建设用地与水域的面积在两个阶段均保持增加;1990—2017年,乌江流域耕地、水域、建设用地主要分布于低地形位的区域,林地与草地集中分布于高地形位的区域;1990—2017年乌江流域土地利用多样性指数与土地利用程度指数均随地形位等级增加而降低;乌江流域土地利用变化的地形梯度效应的形成与自然因素、社会经济因素、政策因素密切相关,其中:自然因素是主导因素,社会经济因素与政策因素起着辅助作用。Terrain factors,as an important component of natural driving factors,have an important impact on the spatial pattern of land use.Taking the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province as an example,with the help of DEM to extract elevation and slope information and construct a topographical position index,the land use diversity index and land use degree index are used to explore the topographic gradient characteristics of land use in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province from 1990 to 2017.The results showed that:Land use changes in the Wujiang River Basin are generally divided into two stages:the first stage(1990—2000)is characterized by a decrease in the area of forest land and an increase in the area of arable land and grassland;the second stage(2000—2017)featured the change in land utilization that the area of forest land increases,and the area of arable land and grassland decreases;the area of construction land and water area kept increasing in both stages.From 1990 to 2017,cultivated land,waters and construction land in the Wujiang River Basin were mainly distributed on the area of low terrain gradient,forest land and grassland were concentrated on the area of high terrain gradient.From 1990 to 2017,the land use diversity index and land use intensity index of the Wujiang River Basin both showed a decrease in common with the increase of the terrain level.The formation of terrain gradient effects of land use change in the Wujiang River Basin is closely related to natural factors,socioeconomic factors,and policy factors.Natural factors were the dominant factors,and socioeconomic factors and policy factors play a supporting role.

关 键 词：地形梯度 乌江流域 土地利用 时空演变 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] P931[天文地球—自然地理学]