非生物胁迫下植物DNA 甲基化研究进展  

Research Progress of Plant DNA Methylation Under Abiotic Stress

作　　者：刘治民 杨芷怡 冀凤丹 梅志超 于佳慧 解莉楠[1] LIU Zhi-min;YANG Zhi-yi;JI Feng-dan;MEI Zhi-chao;YU Jia-hui;XIE Li-nan(College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2020年第11期122-132,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910225313);国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(31801444)。

摘　　要：非生物胁迫,包括高温、干旱、寒冷、洪涝和盐碱化等,通常不利于植物生长发育。在植物长期的自然选择和进化过程中,植物已经形成了一套完整的体系,以应对外界不断变化的环境。在真核细胞中,蛋白质编码基因的表达在很大程度上受到染色质状态的影响。表观遗传修饰,主要包括DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰,组蛋白变体和一些非编码RNA(Non-coding RNA,ncRNA)的变化,会影响染色质的结构和可及性,进而改变基因表达的活性。近年来研究表明,表观遗传修饰广泛参与植物非生物胁迫响应,对植物适应不断变化的环境十分重要。作为最重要的表观遗传修饰之一,DNA甲基化在调控非生物胁迫响应中的作用引起了人们的广泛关注。主要综述植物DNA甲基化和非生物胁迫下DNA甲基化动态性研究的最新进展,以期为利用表观遗传变异提高植物的抗胁迫能力提供参考。Abiotic stress,including high temperatures,droughts,colds,floods,and salinization,is usually not conducive to plant growth and development.In the long-term natural selection and evolution of plants,plants have formed a complete system to cope with the constantly changing environment.In eukaryotic cells,the expression of protein-coding genes is largely influenced by the state of chromatin.Epigenetic modifications,mainly including DNA methylation,histone modifications,histone variants,and some non-coding RNA(ncRNA)changes,will affect the structure and accessibility of chromatin,thereby altering the activity of gene expression.Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modification is widely involved in plant abiotic stress response and is important for plants to adapt to changing environments.As one of the most important epigenetic modifications,the role of DNA methylation in regulating abiotic stress responses has attracted widespread attention.This paper reviews the recent advances in plant DNA methylation and abiotic stress under DNA stress,with a view to providing a reference for using epigenetic variation to improve plant resistance to stress.

关 键 词：DNA甲基化 非生物胁迫 胁迫应答 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]