明嘉靖时期祭祀用瓷新探  

A New Investigation into the Ritual Porcelain from the Jiajing Period of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：高宪平 Gao Xianping

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《文物》2020年第11期67-78,共12页Cultural Relics

基　　金：香港特别行政区政府研究资助局资助之研究计划“明代藩王的瓷器生产与消费文化”(编号:CUHK14609018)的成果之一。

摘　　要：洪武初年,朱元璋召众翰林院学士拟定礼制,修撰礼书,确立了新朝祭器的基本样式。与前代相比,最显著的变化有两项:一是“祭器皆用瓷”,使瓷器从宋元时期作为铜器之外的辅助性祭器,提升为祭器的核心用具;二是以瓷碗代替登、铏,以瓷盘代替笾、豆、簠、簋。王光尧将这两种变化概括为祭器的“瓷器化”和“日用器化”[1]。施静菲认为这是《三礼图》和《宣和博古图》之后的第三个系统[2],—直延续至清乾隆时期。In the early of the Hongwu Period,Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang established the pattern of the ritual vessels for the new dynasty and it was summarised by his scholars with two changes oriented around porcelain and daily utensils.In the Jiajing Period,a ritual innovation was carried out separated earth worship from heaven worship.The particular porcelain selected for this ritual system had a symbolic colour and became unique for this specific focus.This influenced porcelain production until the end of the Qing Dynasty.In 2014,some porcelain,particularly a jue-cup,a dou-stemmed bowl,and a deng-vessel,were found from the deposit layer of the Jiajing Period at the Ming royal porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen City,Jiangxi Province.In comparison with the images in the Collected Ritual of the Grand Ming,these ritual porcelains were not supposed to have been produced earlier than 9th regnal year of Jiajing(1530).However,the features of the dou-stemmed bowl and deng-vessel unearthed are different from that in the records of the documents and these are most probably the samples of porcelain made for the discussion process for the ritual selections in the 9th regnal year of Jiajing.The handed down porcelain zun-vessel in various colours,dated to Hongzhi and Jiajing Periods before,are argued in this paper that they were produced no earlier than the ritual innovation in the 9th regnal year of Jiajing.

关 键 词：明嘉靖 修撰 朱元璋 洪武初年 翰林院 祭器 宋元时期 清乾隆时期 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学] K876.3[历史地理—中国史]