基于一体化堆芯的小型核动力推进系统传热与推进特性研究  

Study on Heat Transfer and Propulsion Characteristics of Small Nuclear Propulsion System Based on Integrated Core

作　　者：柏莹 赵柱民[1] 王磊[1] 周涛[1] 刘超[1] BAIYing;ZHAO Zhumin;WANG Lei;ZHOU Tao;LIU Chao(Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety,Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei of Anhui Prov.230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei of Anhui Prov.230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院核能安全技术研究所中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《核科学与工程》2020年第5期881-889,共9页Nuclear Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家科技部国家科技基础条件平台项目(DKA2017-12-02-17);中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院项目(KP-2017-19);中国科学院青年创新促进会专项项目,产业化基金,合肥学院科研发展基金项目(20ZR04ZDA)。

摘　　要：常规核动力系统的反应堆通常布置于发动机外部,需额外提供安放空间,不利于核动力系统的小型化;同时,空气经过堆芯加热后再进入发动机产生推力,存在一定能量损耗,不利于推进性能提升;本文以某款Ma<1的小型航空涡喷发动机为研究对象,提出一种一体化堆芯结构,将环形核燃料布置于发动机燃烧室内部构成新型多环反应堆系统实现推进系统的稳定加热。虽然环数的增加可有效提高系统换热能力,却引发更大压损,不利于推力的提升;为此,发展了核动力推进系统的数学模型及Matlab优化程序,并使用Fluent进行了正确性验证,通过Matlab数值模拟对多环结构进行优化。结果表明:多环结构可有效提高高速空气流的堆内换热;经优化设计后,多环结构可在推力F与换热系数h的归一化均值交点附近,找到最优结构,使其在较小的堆芯流动阻力损失下,达到原发动机同等的推进性能,能够满足巡航及最大推力两种工况的性能需求;同时,一体化堆芯设计避免了额外的反应堆空间布置,有效实现核动力推进系统紧凑、小型化的设计目的。In conventional nuclear power system,reactors are usually located outside the engine because they require additional space to be placed,which is not conducive to the miniaturization of nuclear power system.At the same time,compressed air enters the engine to generate thrust should be firstly heated in the core,which results in a large amount of energy loss and is not conducive to the improvement of propulsion performance.In this paper,an integrated core structure is proposed for a small aerospace turbojet engine with Ma<1.The multi-annular nuclear fuel is arranged into the combustion chamber of the engine,and also a new multi-annular reactor system is formed to realize the stable heating for the propulsion system.Although the heat transfer capacity of the system can be effectively improved as the increase of the annulus number,it will lead to greater pressure loss,which is not conducive to the promotion of thrust.Therefore,the mathematical model research and MATLAB optimization program are developed for the nuclear propulsion system.Correctness was verified by FLUENT,and the multi-annular structure was optimized by MATLAB numerical simulation.The results show that the multi-annular structure effectively improves the heat transfer characters of high speed air flow in the reactor.The multi-annular structure has optimal structure near the normalized intersection point of thrust F and heat transfer coefficient h.It ensures the same propulsion performance of the original engine with the minimum loss of core flow resistance and it also meets the performance requirements from cruising to maximum thrust flight states.The integrated core design avoids additional reactor space layout and effectively realizes the design purpose of compact and miniaturized nuclear propulsion system.

关 键 词：核动力推进 性能优化 强化传热 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TL33[核科学技术—核技术及应用]