‘黑珍珠’和‘飞弹’莲雾对催花处理的生理响应  

The physiological response of’Heizhenzhu’and’Feidan’wax apple under cultivation treatment for flowering promoting

作　　者：张绿萍[1] 解璞[1] 金吉林[1] 王彬[1] ZHANG Lüping;XIE Pu;JIN Jilin;WANG Bin(Fruit Institute of Guizhou Academy Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国果树》2020年第5期40-45,I0005,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养计划(黔科合平台人才[2019]5642号);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2011]2166号)。

摘　　要：以6年生‘黑珍珠’和‘飞弹’莲雾为试材,比较催花处理过程中二者叶片中碳水化合物和芽体中内源激素的变化,及花芽分化差异,探究‘黑珍珠’催花成功而‘飞弹’失败的生理原因和莲雾花芽分化的生理机制。结果表明:‘黑珍珠’喷施催花药剂3 d内,可溶性糖略有消耗,淀粉快速积累,花芽形态分化启动;‘飞弹’喷施催花药剂3 d内,可溶性糖继续积累,淀粉持续消耗,叶芽萌动,同期其碳水化合物的含量极显著低于‘黑珍珠’。遮阴期,二者芽体内ABA、IAA、GA3、ZT含量不断减少;喷施催花药剂时,二者芽体内ABA、IAA含量相近,‘黑珍珠’GA3和ZT含量约为‘飞弹’的2/3和1/2;喷施催花药剂后3 d,‘黑珍珠’芽体内ABA、IAA及ZT快速积累,含量分别为‘飞弹’的2、2、1.3倍,而‘黑珍珠’芽体内GA3的含量为‘飞弹’的1/3。可见莲雾花芽分化不仅与碳水化合物以及内源激素的含量密切相关,与积累速度和积累量也密切相关。Taking 6-year-old’Heizhenzhu’and’Feidan’wax apple as material,compared the changes of carbohydrates in leaves and endogenous hormone in buds during the flowering treatment process,to explore the physiological reasons for the success of’Heizhenzhu’under flowering process and why’Feidan’was unsuccessfulas well as to analisee the physiological mechanism of flower bud differentiation in wax apple.The results showed that soluble sugar of’Heizhenzhu’was consumed slightly and the starch accumulated rapidly during 3 days spraying the flower promoting agent,then the flower bud morphological differentiation was initiated.The soluble sugar of’Feidan’accumulated a little and the starch was consumed constantly during shade treatment and during 3 days spraying the flower promoting agent,then the leaf buds were foundgerminated.The carbohydrate content in the leaves of’Feidan’was lower than’Heizhenzhu’significantly.The contents of ABA,IAA,GA3 and ZT decreased steadily during the shading stage.There was no significant difference in the contents of ABA and IAA between the two cultivars,while the contents of GA3 and ZT in’Heizhenzhu’was 2/3 and 1/2 of that in’Feidan’respectively.On the third day after spraying the flower promoting agent,ABA,IAA and ZT accumulated rapidly in the bud of’Heizhenzhu’.The content of ABA,IAA and ZT in’Heizhenzhu’were 2 times,2 times and 1.3 times of that in’Feidan’,while the content of GA3 in’Heizhenzhu’was 1/3 that in’Feidan’.According to the results,the flower bud differentiation mechanism of wax apple is closely related to content and accumulation rate of carbohydrates and endogenous hormones.

关 键 词：莲雾 催花处理 花芽分化 碳水化合物 内源激素 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]