绿柱石的矿物学特征:以喜马拉雅错那和珠峰地区绿柱石为例  

Mineralogical characteristics of beryl:A case study of the beryls from Cuona and Qomolangma district in Himalaya

作　　者：陶湘媛 谢磊[1] 王汝成[1] 章荣清[1] 胡欢 刘晨 Tao Xiangyuan;Xie Lei;Wang Rucheng;Zhang Rongqing;Hu Huan;Liu Chen(State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期815-829,共15页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91855209);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0802);中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目:关键矿产资源锂铍成矿理论创新与实践探索(IGGCAS-201901);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(14380099)。

摘　　要：铍是重要的稀有金属,绿柱石是花岗质岩石中常见的铍矿物,也是贵重的宝石矿物,因此绿柱石的研究具有重要意义.从绿柱石的物理性质、化学成分、包裹体和同位素组成等方面介绍了绿柱石相关的矿物学特征和研究进展,并归纳总结了绿柱石矿床形成的物理化学条件.喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带与铍成矿作用密切相关,铍主要赋存在绿柱石中.本文以该带的错那和珠峰地区绿柱石为例,利用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS进行了分析测试,讨论了这些地区绿柱石的矿物学分类、化学特征及其对成岩成矿的指示意义.研究发现,根据碱金属的含量,这些地区所产出的绿柱石主要包括Na-Li绿柱石和Li-Cs绿柱石,并存在岩浆和热液成因的两类绿柱石,挥发分(B,F,Li等)可能促进了绿柱石的结晶.对比这些绿柱石样品中Cs/Na和Mg/Fe比值变化,前者指示演化程度,后者与热液活动相关性更明显.Beryllium is an important rare metal.Beryl is a common container mineral of Be and a precious gem mineral.Therefore,the research on the beryl is significant.This article reviews the research progress of the beryl and summarizes the characteristics of beryl on the aspects of physical properties,chemical composition,inclusions and isotopic composition.In addition,the physicochemical conditions during the formation of beryl deposits are introduced.The Himalayan leucogranites belt is closely related to Be mineralization with the common occurrence of the beryl.The beryls from Cuona and Qomolangma district in this belt have been selected and analyzed by EPMA(Electron Probe Micro-analyzer)and LA-ICPMS.Beryls in this study could be divided into Na-Li beryl and Li-Cs beryl according to the content of alkali metals,and beryls occur during both magmatic and hydrothermal processes.The high contents of volatiles(B,F and Li,etc.)in the granitic system may promote the crystallization of beryl.Combined the different Cs/Na and Mg/Fe ratios of the beryls with the petrological and mineralogical features of the host rocks,the former ratio indicates the degree of evolution,and the latter has closer relationship to the hydrothermal activity.

关 键 词：绿柱石 铍成矿作用 喜马拉雅造山带 稀有金属 指示矿物 花岗岩⁃伟晶岩 

分 类 号：P571[天文地球—矿物学] P574[天文地球—地质学]