从城市到乡村:“乡村振兴”背景下我国建筑师的实践转向与可持续社区模式讨论  

From Urban to Rural:Architects'Practices of"Rural Revitalization"in China and Discussions on Sustainable Comm unity Model

作　　者：赵潇欣[1,2] 姚鑫 杨迪 ZHAO Xiaoxin;YAO Xin;YANG Di

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]昆士兰大学建筑理论与历史评论中心 [3]南京大学中法城市·区域·规划科学研究中心 [4]重庆大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《现代城市研究》2020年第11期76-82,共7页Modern Urban Research

摘　　要：城与乡的发展并非孤立无关。因此,绕过城市而直接讨论乡村的问题是狭隘的,反之亦然。城市对各类资源的集结和获取,使得城乡地区之间的差距不断扩大,导致在城市化过程中乡村社区的瓦解,出现"空心村"的问题。近些年,中央高度关注城乡发展不平衡的问题,并颁布了一系列振兴乡村的方针政策。在此背景下,建筑师们参加了这场浩浩荡荡的"乡村振兴"运动。文章简述了当前对城市发展的全力支持和城乡相互依存发展的两种观点,并对建筑师的乡村实践进行统计分析,指出其乡村实践主要集中于乡村图书馆、学校和社区中心等单一的公共建筑,而缺乏对乡村产业的考虑。最后,作者指出"乡村振兴"应将乡村当做一个活态遗产与可持续的社区进行发展,并引入了可持续社区五要素,对可持续的"乡村振兴"模式进行了解读。Urban and rural developments are not unrelated.It is biased to discuss the issue of rural development while ignoring urban development and vice versa.Urban areas had prior access to resources,so the gap between urban and rural areas continuously expanded and contributed to the"hollowed village"phenomenon during the process of urbanization.The central government of China paid serious attention to the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas and put forward a series of policies to support rural development.Against this background,architects have participated in the rural revitalization movement.This paper introduces two viewpoints between urban and rural development,collects architects'rural practices and argues that the primary projects in rural revitalization are rural libraries,schools and community centers.However,less attention was paid to the rural industry.Rural revitalization should regard the villages as living heritage and sustainable community,which includes five indicators.In the end,the author explains the sustainable development model for rural revitalization.

关 键 词：城市 乡村 "乡村振兴" 建筑师 建筑实践 可持续社区 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]