温度、盐度突变对单环刺螠担轮幼虫生长和存活的影响  

Effects oftemperature and salinity on growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus trochophore

作　　者：张瑞标 王珊珊 栾会妮 丛文虎 刘振华 ZHANG Ruibiao;WANG Shanshan;LUAN Huini;CONG Wenhu;LIU Zhenhua(Weihai Ocean Vocational College,Rongcheng,Shandong 264300,China;Marine Economic Algae Resources Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province,Rongcheng,Shandong 264300,China)

机构地区：[1]威海海洋职业学院,山东荣成264300 [2]山东省海洋经济藻类资源开发与利用工程技术协同创新中心,山东荣成264300

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2020年第5期139-147,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：山东省职业教育刘振华名师工作室资助项目(2017);山东省船舶控制工程与智能系统工程技术研究中心科研开放专项资金项目(SSCC-2019-0005);山东省高校科研计划项目(J18KB083);2019年山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划食品加工技术技能创新团队项目(133)资助。

摘　　要：为探索单环刺螠担轮幼虫对温度、盐度变化的适应性,本研究设计了10、13、16、19(对照)、22、25、28℃共7个温度实验组,8、14、20、26、32(对照)、35共6个盐度实验组,及温度、盐度正交实验(温度13、16、19、22℃分别与盐度14、20、26、32、35做交互)。结果表明:温度、盐度对单环刺螠担轮幼虫的生长、存活具有显著影响;综合生长、存活指标,得到担轮幼虫的较适温度范围为13~22℃,水温19℃生长、存活最优;由19℃向高温突变较低温突变,担轮幼虫存活率较低但生长较快;但19℃向上突变幅度为6℃时担轮幼虫短时间内死亡,向下突变幅度为9℃时存活率低(10℃实验组96h存活率仅为12.1%);担轮幼虫的较适盐度范围为20~35,盐度32生长最优、盐度26存活最优;由盐度32向低盐度突变较高盐度突变,担轮幼虫生长较快、存活率较高;但盐度32向下突变幅度为24时担轮幼虫短时间内死亡;盐度是影响担轮幼虫生长及存活的主要因子。本研究得出了单环刺螠担轮幼虫生长及存活的适宜温度、盐度变化范围,为单环刺螠人工育苗提供重要的基础资料。The influences of the rapid changes of temperature(10,13,16,19,22,25,28and 31℃)and salinity(8,14,20,26,32,38and 44)and the orthogonal interactions between temperature(13,16,19and 22℃)and salinity(8,14,20,26,32,38and 44)on the growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus trochophores were determined in this study to evaluate their adaptability to sudden temperature and salinity changes.The results showed that rapid temperature and salinity changes had significant effects on the growth and survival of the trochophores.Based on the growth and survival indexes,the suitable temperature range for the trochophore was from 13to 22℃,and the optimum temperature was 19℃.Trochophores had higher average growth rate but lower survival rate when temperature changed from 19℃to the higher ones than when the temperature changed from 19℃to the lower ones.However,the larvae died within a short time when the upward changing amplitude was 6℃,and the survival rate was low when the downward change amplitude was 9℃.The suitable salinity of trochophore ranged from 20to 35,the optimal salinity for growth and survival was 32and 26,respectively.Trochophores had a higher average growth rate and a higher survival rate when the salinity changed from 32to the lower ones than when the saslinity changed from 32to the higher ones.However,the larvae died within a short time when the downward changing amplitude was 24.Salinity was the main factor affecting the growth and survival of trochophores.The optimum temperature and salinity of growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus trochophores provided important and basic data for artificial breeding.

关 键 词：单环刺螠 担轮幼虫 温度突变 盐度突变 生长 存活 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]