生产者责任延伸制度实施方式的实证分析  

Empirical Analysis of the Implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility Based on the Product Level

作　　者：刘先国[1] LIU Xianguo(Yifu Museum of China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学逸夫博物馆,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2020年第6期37-42,共6页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：湖北省区域创新体系建设研究项目(2013BDF029)。

摘　　要：生产者责任延伸(Extended Producer Responsibility,简称EPR)制度是一项重要的环境保护政策,该制度将生产者的责任延伸到其产品的整个生命周期,特别是产品消费后的回收处理和再生利用阶段。基于产品层面的实然考虑,建立了EPR制度的成本收益分析框架,实证研究了不同产品实施EPR的费效情形,并针对不同费效情形探讨了EPR制度的实施方式。结果表明:当呈现循环收益大于私人成本的情形时,市场可以自发地调节废品的回收、处置与循环利用,EPR制度实施方式应以市场调节方式为主,并辅之政府的财政税收等经济调节措施;当呈现私人收益小于私人成本,公共收益居多的情形时,EPR制度实施方式应以政府经济调节为主,市场调节为辅;当呈现成本刚开始可能高于收益,但采用合理方式可将成本控制在收益范围内,远期将出现收益的情形时,EPR制度实施方式应以政府强制回收的方式为主,并辅之经济调节措施;当呈现没有合理且经济的方式将成本控制在收益范围内的情形时,严格来说这是一种不符合效率的情况,不应该实施EPR制度,应当根据废品危害程度的大小,分别采取禁止生产或不予规制的举措。Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)is an important environmental policy approach under which producers are given a significant responsibility–financial and/or physical–for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products.This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of EPR based on the product level.The results show that when the recycling profit is greater than the private cost,the market can adjust the recovery,disposal and recycling of waste products spontaneously,and the implementation of EPR should be market-oriented;when the private revenue is less than the private cost and the public revenue is in the majority,the implementation of EPR should be based on government economic regulation,supplemented by market regulation;when the present cost may be higher than the benefit at first,but the cost can be controlled and the benefit will appear in the long run in a reasonable way,the implementation of EPR should mainly be the way of the government’s forced recovery;when there is no reasonable and economical way to control the cost to the range of benefits,strictly speaking,it is not in line with the efficiency.There is no need to implement EPR,and measures should be taken to prohibit production or not to regulate according to the degree of hazard of waste products.

关 键 词：生产者责任延伸制度 成本效益分析 实证分析 卡尔多-希克斯效率 

分 类 号：X38[环境科学与工程—环境工程]