抗战后美援卫生下的东南鼠疫防治处  

The South-East Plague Prevention Bureau under the US Health Aid after the World War Two

作　　者：李玉尚[1] 赵子元 LI Yu-shang;ZHAO Zi-yuan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海200240

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2020年第3期28-36,共9页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：上海交通大学新型冠状病毒防治专项“中国历史上重大疫情社会应对研究”(批准号:2020RK30)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：抗战后国民政府为统筹闽、浙、赣三省的鼠疫防治事宜,在福州设立直属中央的鼠疫防治常设机构东南鼠疫防治处。作为抗战后美援卫生的重要项目,东南鼠疫防治处受到联合国善后救济总署的防疫技术、药品器械援助以及美国经济合作总署的经费支持。盘尼西林等国际最新的药械、鼠防经验丰富的外籍顾问以及充裕的专项经费使得东南鼠疫防治成为当时国内最先进的现代化防疫机构。在美援背景下,东南鼠疫防治处最开始的制度设计将主要任务集中于医药实验、细菌检验和鼠蚤实验等科研型较强的工作,以及开设鼠疫人才讲习班,为地方培养高级鼠防人才,提供技术支持。但是在防治过程中,中央的制度构想与地方的实际鼠防需求之间产生较大出入,东南鼠疫防治处的业务开展也逐渐向地方需求倾斜,抗鼠灭蚤、卫生消毒成为其实际的工作重心。During the 1930 s and 1940 s, plague was rampant in several Southeast provinces of China. In order to coordinate the plague prevention and control in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, the National Government planed to set up an official agency to deal with the plague epidemic in the southeast region. After the World War Two, with the financial, personnel and drugs support of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration(UNRRA) and Economic Cooperation Administration(ECA), the ministry of health established the "South-East Plague Prevention Bureau" in Foochow in 1946, which was responsible for eradicating the plague in the southeast region. Through taking some measures, like opened isolation hospital, exterminated mice and fleas, held training sessions and organized public education about plague prevention, etc, the South-East Plague Prevention Bureau not only effectively curbed the spread of plague in Southeast China, but also restructured the public health system of Fujian after the war.

关 键 词：东南鼠疫防治处 鼠疫防治 美援卫生 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] R245.8[历史地理—中国史]