单株定量施肥对夏玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of quantitative fertilization by a single plant on the yield,nutrient absorption,and utilization of summer maize

作　　者：郭娅 刘娇[1] 尹焕丽 张倩[1] 李岚涛 王宜伦[1] GUO Ya;LIU Jiao;YIN Huan-li;ZHANG Qian;LI Lan-tao;WANG Yi-lun(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2020年第6期924-930,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0200606);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B02)。

摘　　要：为探求夏玉米简化高效施肥技术,在河南省滑县和鹤壁两地采用田间试验,研究了单株定量施肥位置及施肥量对夏玉米产量、养分积累及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,两地产量均以两侧定量施肥7.0 g最高,平均较两侧定量施肥5.8 g显著增产8.4%,较株间定量施肥7.0 g增产6.0%,较常规施肥增产3.8%;滑县和鹤壁采用两侧定量施肥7.0 g磷素积累量较常规施肥分别显著提高15.4%和21.6%,且保持夏玉米各生育时期较高的叶片SPAD值和成熟期高生物量;鹤壁两侧定量施肥7.0 g较常规施肥氮肥利用率显著提高8.3个百分点。研究表明,夏玉米苗期在两株玉米中间两边间隔15 cm左右各施一粒7.0 g粒片状肥料实现了高产、高效和简化施肥的目标。To explore simplified and efficient fertilization technology for summer maize,a field experiment was conducted on the effects of different locations and rates of quantitative fertilizer application and conventional fertilization application on the yield,nutrient accumulation,and fertilizer utilization efficiency of summer maize in Huaxian and Hebi,Henan Province.The results revealed that the summer maize yield with 7.0 g tablet quantitative fertilization application was the highest,representing significant average increases of8.4%compared with treatment at 5.8 g tablet,6.0%compared with inter-plant treatment at 7.0 g tablet,and 3.8%compared with conventional fertilization.Additionally,the phosphorus accumulation when using the quantitative treatments mentioned above was significantly improved by 15.4%and 21.6%compared with conventional fertilization in Huaxian and Hebi,respectively,while maintaining higher soil plant analysis development(SPAD)during each growth period of summer maize.The 7.0 g tablet quantitative fertilization significantly increased the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 8.3 percent points compared with conventional fertilization.Specifically,two pieces of 7.0 g flaky fertilizer were applied at a distance of approximately 15 cm between two plants in the seedling stage of summer maize,which realized the goals of high yield,high efficiency,and simplified fertilization.

关 键 词：单株定量施肥 粒片状肥料 夏玉米 产量 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]