高效降解猪毛角蛋白菌群构建及其降解效果研究  

Study of microflora composition of highly efficient bacterial strains capable of degrading pig hair keratin and the effects of degradation

作　　者：杜东霞 孔利华 刘惠知 尹红梅 DU Dong-xia;KONG Li-hua;LIU Hui-zhi;YIN Hong-mei(Hunan Microbiology Institute,Changsha 410009,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省微生物研究院,长沙410009

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2020年第6期1009-1015,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：湖南省生猪产业技术体系生猪产业规模养殖与环境控制岗位项目(2016-2020)。

摘　　要：为丰富猪毛角蛋白降解菌微生物资源库及开发猪毛角蛋白高效降解产品,采用富集、驯化培养的方法,以猪毛为唯一碳氮源从土壤中筛选猪毛角蛋白高效降解菌株,通过不同菌株组合培养的方法,构建了组合菌群。结果表明,经驯化筛选,共获得3株对猪毛降解效果较好的菌株,与对照相比,其猪毛降解率(10 d)为58.0%~65.3%,且3株菌株对鸡毛、鹅毛和羊毛也表现出良好的降解效果,是一类广谱角蛋白降解菌。3株高效猪毛降解菌株(菌株编号为E-2-2、E-1-4和E-3-2)分别鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)和链霉菌(Streptomyces koyangensis)。通过单一菌株及不同组合菌群降解效果的对比分析,成功获得最优菌群组合,其猪毛降解率(10 d)高达81.8%,比单一菌株的猪毛降解率(10 d)最多提高了23.8个百分点。在降解过程中产生了大量可溶性蛋白质,二硫键中的硫也随之转化为以硫酸盐为主要形式的含硫化合物。研究表明,通过不同菌株间协同增效可大幅提高猪毛降解效果,在氨基酸饲料生产中具有潜在的应用价值。This study aimed to enrich the microbial resource pool of porcine keratin-degrading bacterial strains and provide technical support for the generation of effective degradation products from porcine keratin.In this study,an enriched,domesticated culture method was used,where pig hair keratin-degrading strains were screened from soil using pig hair as the sole carbon and nitrogen source.A combination of different strains was used to prepare combined flora.Three strains of pig hair keratin-degrading bacteria with broadspectrum keratin-degrading capabilities were screened.The pig hair degradation rate(10 d)of three strains were 58.0%~65.3%with good degradation of chicken feathers,goose feathers,and wool.Three highly efficient strains that could degrade pig hair(strain numbers,E-2-2,E-1-4,and E-3-2)were identified to be Bacillus licheniformis,Bacillus mycoides,and Streptomyces koyangensis,respectively.By comparing and analyzing degradation effects of each strain and the different combinations of flora,an optimal flora combination was obtained.The degradation rate of pig hair(10 d)with the combined flora was as high as 81.8%,i.e.,23.8 percent points higher than the degradation rate with a single strain(10 d).During the degradation process,a large amount of soluble protein was produced.Furthermore,sulfur in the disulfide bonds of keratin was converted to sulfur-containing compounds with sulfate being the main transformation product.The synergistic effect of the different strains may greatly improve degradation of pig hair,and thus,has potential to be applied in the production of amino acid-based feed.

关 键 词：猪毛 角蛋白降解菌 组合菌群 角蛋白酶活 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]