不同地区农田土壤多环芳烃污染特征与来源解析  

Contamination and sourcing of PAHs in farmlands around different industrial areas

作　　者：刘月仙 解小凡 杜志伟 邱慧 张瑞丽 张萌[2,3] 王伟 LIU Yue-xian;XIE Xiao-fan;DU Zhi-wei;QIU Hui;ZHANG Rui-li;ZHANG Meng;WANG Wei(College of Resources and Environment,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 102211,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [3]煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,北京102211 [4]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第11期2539-2547,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503604)。

摘　　要：通过对农田土壤多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的分布特征、污染程度及成因解析,深入了解工业活动引发的土壤污染问题,实现工业园区周边农田土壤的污染预警和科学合理利用。在黄河三角洲石油开采区和西南铅锌冶炼区附近的农田分别采集89个和148个土壤样品,采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析美国环境保护署(Environmental protection agency,EPA)优控的土壤中PAHs组成与含量,运用主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)和正定矩阵因子法(Positive matrix factorization,PMF)模型比较两个区域农田土壤中PAHs的来源。结果表明,石油开采区农田土壤中16种PAHs总含量(以干质量计)平均值为149.8μg·kg^-1(含量范围31.5~1399μg·kg^-1),铅锌冶炼区农田土壤PAHs总含量平均值为267.6μg·kg^-1(含量范围8.99~2231μg·kg^-1),两个地区主要以4~6环PAHs为主。聚类分析、PCA和PMF 3种源解析方法对两个区域的PAHs来源进行比较,石油开采区农田土壤中PAHs主要来源及其贡献率分别为燃煤9.1%、生物质燃烧和石油源60.7%、化石燃烧24.1%以及柴油燃烧6.2%,铅锌冶炼区分别为生物质燃烧和石油源31.6%、汽油及重油的燃烧28.3%、煤燃烧40.1%。铅锌冶炼区周边农田土壤PAHs污染程度相对较高。Understanding the distribution characteristics,pollution level,and source is important to prevent pollution and utilize the farmlands around industrialized areas.In this study,we collected 89 soil samples from farmlands around oil mining area in Yellow River Delta and 148 samples from farmlands around southwestern lead-zinc smelting area.The composition and contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)precedence-controlled by the EPA were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery.The sources of PAHs in these two areas were modelled with the principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization.The results showed that the averageΣPAH content was 149.8μg·kg-1 in farmlands around oil mining area and 267.6μg·kg-1 in farmlands around southwestern lead-zinc smelting area,dominated by 4~6-ring PAHs.The sources of PAHs included gasoline combustion(24.1%),diesel combustion(6.2%),biomass combustion and oil source(60.7%),and coal combustion(9.1%)in farmlands around oil mining area,and biomass combustion and oil source(31.6%),diesel combustion(28.3%),and coal combustion(40.1%)in southwestern lead-zinc smelting area.The sources of PAHs were related to the energy consumption in the local area.

关 键 词：农田土壤 多环芳烃 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]