渭北旱塬不同覆膜农田土壤微生物群落和酶活性的差异  

Effects of different plastic film mulching treatments on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in the Weibei drylands of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：于亚军 张浩 张子豪 王聪 王凯 蒋锐[2] YU Ya-jun;ZHANG Hao;ZHANG Zi-hao;WANG Cong;WANG Kai;JIANG Rui(College of Geography,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第11期2578-2586,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877086);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2020JZ-16)。

摘　　要：为研究降解/非降解膜和白/黑色膜覆盖对土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响,以渭北旱塬玉米地为研究对象,用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法分析了非降解白膜、非降解黑膜、降解白膜、降解黑膜和不覆膜5种处理玉米收获期土壤微生物群落和酶活性的差异及其与土壤性质的关系。结果表明:非降解膜处理土壤温度、含水量、全氮、碱解氮和硝态氮含量高于降解膜处理(P<0.05),在同是降解膜或非降解膜情况下,地膜颜色对土壤温度、含水量影响较小,对土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响取决于其是否可降解。非降解膜处理微生物PLFA总浓度较降解膜处理高29.5%(P<0.05),普通细菌、真菌、革兰氏阳性菌PLFA浓度较降解膜处理分别高26.3%、29.7%、58.7%(P<0.05),脲酶、碱性蛋白酶和脱氢酶活性也高于降解膜处理(P<0.05),其中碱性蛋白酶高出幅度最大,为42.4%,脲酶最小,为11.4%,黑色膜处理真菌与细菌PLFA浓度比(F/B)较白色膜处理高20.6%(P<0.05),并且非降解黑膜处理革兰氏阳性菌与阴性菌PLFA浓度比(G^+/G^-)较非降解白膜处理低27.5%(P<0.05),表明非降解膜在提升微生物与酶活性方面优于降解膜,相同材料的黑色膜在维持土壤生态系统稳定性和对土壤环境变化的缓冲能力方面较白色膜更有优势。冗余分析显示,土壤微生物和酶活性主要受土壤氮、磷、钾含量影响,土壤温度和含水量并非土壤微生物和酶活性的关键限制因子。The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of biodegradable/non-biodegradable mulching films and film color(white/black)on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.Soil microbial biomass,community structure,and enzyme activities,and their interactions with soil physicochemical properties were measured under different film mulching treatments in a corn field in the Weibei drylands of the Loess Plateau using phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA).The following five treatments were evaluated:white nonbiodegradable film mulching(ND-WP),black non-biodegradable film mulching(ND-BP),white biodegradable film mulching(D-WP),black biodegradable film mulching(D-BP),and flat planting without mulching as a control(CK).The results showed that soil temperature,water content,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen were increased in the two non-biodegradable film mulching treatments than in the two biodegradable film mulching treatments(P<0.05).Between the two biodegradable treatments and the two nonbiodegradable treatments,film color had no effect on soil temperature and soil water content.Additionally,available N,nitrate nitrogen,available P,and available K differed between biodegradable and non-biodegradable film mulching treatments.Following the two nonbiodegradable films mulching treatments,total microbial community,common bacteria,fungi,and gram-positive bacteria PLFAs values were 29.5%,26.3%,29.7%,and 58.7%higher(P<0.05)than those following the two biodegradable film mulching treatments,respectively.Urease,alkaline protease,and dehydrogenase activities were also higher in the two non-biodegradable film mulching treatments than in the two biodegradable film mulching treatments(P<0.05).The fungi/bacteria(F/B)ratio averaged 20.6%higher in the two black films mulching treatments than in the two white film mulching treatments,and the gram-positive bacteria/gram-negative bacteria(G+/G-)ratio averaged 27.5%lower in the ND-BP than in the ND-WP treatment.This indicated that the non-biodegradable film

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 土壤微生物 土壤酶 磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA) 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]