我国作物野生近缘植物保护工作近20年的成就与展望  

Achievements of the Conservation of Wild Relatives of Crops in the Past 20 Years and the Prospects in China

作　　者：乔卫华[1] 张宏斌 郑晓明[1] 陈宝雄 陈彦清[1] 李垚奎 程云连 张丽芳[1] 方沩[1] 孙玉芳 杨庆文[1] QIAO Wei-hua;ZHANG Hong-bin;ZHENG Xiao-ming;CHEN Bao-xiong;CHEN Yan-qing;LI Yao-kui;CHENG Yun-lian;ZHANG Li-fang;FANG Wei;SUN Yu-fang;YANG Qing-wen(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]农业农村部生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第6期1329-1336,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农业农村部农业野生植物保护专项(13200339);国家自然科学基金(31471471);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：1999-2019年,农业农村部科技教育司组织农业环保机构、大专院校和科研单位共同开展了作物野生近缘植物调查收集、原生境保护、监测预警和信息系统构建等工作,取得的主要成就包括:(1)按照《农业野生植物调查技术规范》,开展了80个作物野生近缘植物物种的全国性调查,发现了野生兰花、野生茶等珍稀物种的新分布区;(2)查清了60个重要作物野生近缘植物物种的分布状况及资源现状,抢救性收集并异位保存种质资源44737份,建立了可共享、可追溯、可监测的作物野生近缘植物GPS/GIS信息平台;(3)以保护生物学研究和原生境保护技术研发为基础,指导建设原生境保护点(区)205个,并通过对15个原生境保护点动态监测数据分析,建立了原生境保护点监测预警技术体系。然而,我国作物野生近缘植物资源调查不全面、抢救性收集不系统、保护点监测覆盖面低、保护点管理技术匮乏等问题突出。因此,未来在加强调查收集的同时,重点将在监测预警的基础上提升原生境保护点管理技术水平,做到每类植物一套技术、每个保护点一套方案,因点施策,使原生境保护由增加数量向提高质量转变。Since 1999,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)had coordinated researchers in agricultural environmental protection agencies,related universities and institutes to carry out the activities on the field surveys,collections,constructions and monitoring of in-situ conservation,information system establishment etc.Several major achievements have been made,including:(i)Accomplishing national-wide survey of 80 crop wild relatives and discovering some new distribution areas of wild orchid and wild tea trees;(ii)Collecting 44737 accessions of 60 important species of wild relatives of crops,which have subjected for ex-situ.Meanwhile,a GPS/GIS information system being established for future monitoring;(iii)Establishing the technical monitoring and early warning system based on the dynamic analysis of monitoring data from 15 in-situ conservation sites and guiding provincial related agencies to construct 205 in-situ conservation sites covering 65 species in 28 provinces.However,there are some problems still remained in the conservation of wild relatives of crops.For example,only a small proportion of species/germplasm resources have been investigated and collected,less than 10%existing conservation sites have been monitored,and not enough technique issues have been applied on management insitu conservation sites etc.Therefore,we suggest that developing management techniques of in-situ conservation should be addressed on the basis of continuing investigation,collection and ex-situ conservation.The techniques should be feasible for different plants and different sites respectively,which indicates that the in-situ conservation will be changed from increasing the quantity to improving the quality.

关 键 词：作物野生近缘植物 调查收集 保护 

分 类 号：S325[农业科学—作物遗传育种]