半野生大豆起源及野生大豆稀有性状来源的形态学证据  

Morphological Evidence of the Origin of Semi-wild Soybean and the Rare Traits in Wild Soybean

作　　者：李向华[1] 王克晶[1] LI Xiang-hua;WNAG Ke-jing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第6期1357-1371,共15页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农作物种质资源保护与利用专项。

摘　　要：针对国内外半野生大豆起源相关的五大争论焦点问题,结合本研究组近20年来对野生大豆和半野生大豆的形态学观察和研究,概述了我国半野生大豆天然杂交起源和野生大豆稀有性状来源的形态学证据。通过对我国半野生大豆的形态性状观察以及遗传标记分析鉴定,支持半野生大豆(G.gracilis Skvortsov)百粒重以3 g为界的观点,并发现百粒重在2.5~3.0 g之间时,其形态变异类型最丰富。通过捕捉野生和栽培大豆天然杂交当代种子及后代的形态性状分离调查,证实了半野生大豆起源于野生大豆和栽培大豆的天然杂交的论点。同时,研究结果表明,伴随天然杂交后的分离,一些稀有性状如白花、有色种皮(黄、绿、褐)、无泥膜、灰绒毛、绿子叶等是由栽培大豆逆向渗入到野生大豆中的。This article focuses on the five major controversial issues regarding the origin of semi-wild soybeans.Based on our research experience over the past two decades and the expertise in studies of wild(G.soja Siebold&Zucc.)vs.semi-wild soybeans,we make an overview on the morphological evidence for the natural hybridization-origin of semi-wild soybean(big-seeded type)and the origin of some rare characters that were found in wild soybean.The results gained from the morphological and molecular evidences supported three grams in 100-seed weight as the cutoff of semi-wild soybean(G.gracilis Skvortsov).The abundant phenotypic variations were observed in wild soybean accessions that represent 2.5 g-3.0 g in 100-seed weight.By capturing the phenotypic variations of parental lines and derived hybridization progenies as well as the segregation ratios at each of traits,the origin of semi-wild soybean has been confirmed to result from natural hybridization between wild and cultivated soybeans.Meanwhile,our works have indicated that rare characters such as white flower,coloured seed coats(yellow,green and brown),no-seed-bloom,grey pubescence have been introgressed from cultivated soybean to its wild ancestor through the natural hybridization.

关 键 词：半野生大豆起源 稀有性状来源 大粒型野生大豆 G.gracilis Skvortsov 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]