中国葡萄野生种的分布调查分析  

Studies on Distribution of Wild Grapes in China

作　　者：孟聚星 张国海[2] 樊秀彩[1] 张颖[1] 张晓利 刘崇怀[1] 姜建福[1] MENG Ju-xing;ZHANG Guo-hai;FAN Xiu-cai;ZHANG Ying;ZHANG Xiao-li;LIU Chong-huai;JIANG Jian-fu(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009;Forestry College,Henan University of Science&Technology,Luoyang 471023)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南科技大学林学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2020年第6期1539-1548,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农业农村部作物种质资源保护与利用项目(2130135-34);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：我国是葡萄属植物的起源地之一,也是世界上葡萄属植物种类最丰富的国家之一。栽培葡萄遗传基础狭窄,而葡萄野生近缘种中含有大量栽培葡萄所迫切需要的优异基因,是拓宽栽培葡萄遗传基础的重要基因库。由于生态环境被破坏,一些重要野生葡萄居群濒临灭绝。本研究通过实地调查和查阅标本及文献资料,对我国葡萄野生种植物的分布特征进行研究。结果表明,我国葡萄野生种类有42个种、1个亚种和13个变种,大部分种类分布在中国-日本森林植物亚区。其中,华东地区种类最多,并以此为中心向四周扩散,种类逐渐减少。各区系葡萄野生种物种组成相似性较高,地域性不强,其中江汉平原亚地区与秦岭-巴山亚地区的葡萄野生种物种组成相似性最高。毛葡萄在29个地区、亚地区中均有分布,是分布最广的种类,但部分种类分布狭窄,仅在1个区系中有分布记录的种类占所有种类总数的26.8%。本结果对于开展中国葡萄野生种保护和利用具有一定意义。China is one of the major diversity centres of the grape genus Vitis L.and is therefore very rich in its germplasm resources.The diverse and elite genes of the wild relatives of grapes form an important gene bank for enrichment of the genetic composition of cultivated grapes.Owing to destruction of the ecological environment,some important wild grape populations have been threatened with extinction.Based on field investigation,specimen examination and literature survey,a total of 42 species,1 subspecies and 13 varieties of wild relatives of grapes were recognized in China.The distribution of Chinese grape wild relatives were analyzed to reveal their dispersal channels and provided a theoretical foundation for their resources protection.The results show that the distribution of Chinese grape wild relatives is complex and diverse.Most of the Chinese grape wild relatives are concentrated in China-Japan forest plant subkingdom,and they are most abundant in the Eastern China region from which the number of Vitis L.species decrease gradually in all directions.The similarity level appears to be high,and the species do not show strong geographical regionality,with the similarity of species composition of grape wild relatives between the Jiang-Han Plain Subregion and the Qinling-Bashan Subregion being the highest.V.heyneana Roem.et Schult.is the most widespread species,found in 29 regions and subregions,while some other grape wild relatives are narrowly distributed,species in only one region accounted for 26.8%of the all species in China.It is suggested that the protection of Chinese grape wild relatives should be strengthened.

关 键 词：葡萄 野生近缘种 区系 分布 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]