饮用水氯化消毒副产物的控制研究  

On control of chlorination disinfected by-products in drinking water

作　　者：李英华[1] 陈天宇[1] 苏菲 李海波[1] LI Ying-hua;CHEN Tian-yu;SU Fei;LI Hai-bo(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第5期1847-1854,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571455,51578115)。

摘　　要：为控制饮用水中消毒副产物三卤甲烷(Trihalomethanes,THMs)的生成,以腐殖酸与富里酸混合液模拟饮用水中天然有机物(Natural organic matters,NOM),采用电絮凝/氧化-超滤(Electroflocculation/oxidation-ultrafiltration,EC/O-UF)协同工艺对NOM进行处理,通过考察NOM去除率以及膜通量的变化对电解时间进行优化。在最佳电解时间下优化消毒剂投加量,通过原水及经EC/O-UF出水2种水样进行168 h的消毒试验,分别在不同时间取样分析其A254、A410、A465/A656及余氯值,进而验证消除THMs隐患的效果。结果表明,EC/O-UF工艺运行5 min时NOMs平均去除率为60%~65.35%,最佳电解时间为30 min,此时对NOMs的平均去除率为83%~87.87%。最佳Na Cl O投加量为10 mg/L(以游离氯浓度计)、接触时间120 min时,出水余氯质量浓度为0.98~1.08 mg/L。与原水直接消毒相比,经电絮凝/氧化-超滤(Electroflocculation/oxidation-ultrafiltration,EC/OUF)工艺处理后的出水可有效减少有机物的初始质量浓度、水体色度以及降低消毒反应中的耗氯量。一级反应方程拟合发现,反应结束时余氯值较高,EC/O-UF能够显著降低此类消毒副产物的生成风险。This paper is aimed to study on how to control the formation of Trihalomethanes( Trihalomethanes,THMs) in the drinking water by using the electrocoagulation/oxidation-ultrafiltration( short for EC/O-UF) process. The THM is one of the types of disinfection by-products( DBP). To achieve the purpose,we would like to suggest simulating the natural organic matters( NOM) in such water through the mixture of humid acid and the fulvic acid to remove the NOM through the EC/O-UF synergistic process. And,for the said purpose,we have also examined the NOM removal rate and the changing situation in the membrane flux so as to optimize the electrolysis time length and conduct the dosage of the disinfectant. And,finally,we have managed to accomplish 168 h disinfection experiments between the raw water and the EC/O-UF effluent. Moreover,in the process of the experiment,we have also managed to analyze A254,A410,A465/A656 and the residual chlorine rates at different time lengths in great variety so as to verify the effects for eliminating the hidden risks of THMs. The results of the said experiments indicate that: the average removal rate of NOM stands for60%-65. 35% for the initial 5 min of EC/O-UF process under the control operations. For example,during the optimized electrolysis time of 30 min,the average removal rate should be equal to 83%-87. 87% with the optimistic dosage of Na Cl O being 10 mg/L( based on the concentration of free chlorine).And,if the contact time is chosen as 120 min,the residual chlorine concentration rate of the effluent should be equal to 0. 98-1. 08 mg/L. Compared with the direct disinfection effects of the raw water,it would be possible for the effluent treated by the EC/O-UF process to effectively reduce the initial concentration rate of the organic matter,and change the color of the water body as well as the chlorine consumption in the disinfection reaction.In addition, through fitting the first-order reaction equation,more residual chlorine can be found until the time when the operation was complete

关 键 词：环境工程学 电絮凝/氧化-超滤 余氯 消毒副产物 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]