废旧弹药销毁处理技术研究进展  

Researchadvancement of current destructive technology for outdated ammunitions

作　　者：仝毅[1] 刘炎 黄风雷[1] TONG Yi;LIU Yan;HUANG Feng-lei(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第5期1910-1923,共14页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：全世界每年都会随着武器装备的更新换代及弹药的过期而产生大量废旧弹药。废旧弹药具有毒性并且性质不稳定,会对周围的人和环境造成威胁,需要及时进行处理。分析了废旧弹药销毁处理技术及拆卸技术、装药倒空技术等废旧弹药销毁预处理技术的研究进展,并总结了各类技术的原理和特点。废旧弹药种类繁多,数量庞大,需要根据废旧弹药性质、种类、数量,并结合处理环境和处理技术的特点,综合考虑安全、环保、经济等因素,选择合适的处理方式。未来要不断研究发展新方法、新技术,适应社会可持续发展的趋势。The given paper intends to present a comprehensive assessment and commentary on the principal destructive technological approaches to dealing with such out-of-dated ammunitions through an analysis of the technological progress. For instance,we have examined and analyzed the principles and features of the melting removing technology;the high-pressure water jet removing technology;the hydrodynamic cavitation removing technology;the low-temperature liquid jet removing;the ultrasonic cavitation removing. In addition,we have also checked and investigated the low temperature removing technology,the copying drilling and the dry ice blasting composite removing technology,etc.The above said main technological tendencies should be known as a great variety of cutting technologies,say,the mechanical cutting technology,the high-pressure water jet cutting technology,the laser femtosecond cutting technology,etc. What is more,the waste ammunition wastes should also be dealt with in time for their being dangerous. And,next,we would like to analyze the principles and characteristic features of the different traditional destruction wastes,including the deep burying method,the high marring dumping methods,the open combustion methods and the open blasting method. And,furthermore,we have analyzed the principles and features of the various green destruction technologies. Such technologies may include the controlled blasting technology;the controlled burning technology;the hot gas decontamination technology;the hydrothermal oxidation technology;the supercritical water oxidation technology;the photo-catalytic oxidation technology;the strong oxidant oxidation technology;the humid air oxidation technology;the pulse plasma technology;the ultrasonic oxidation technology;the molten salt destruction and the biodegradation technology,etc. And,then,since there exist so many kinds and great amounts of waste ammunitions,it is necessary for us to choose appropriate disposal methods to deal with in accordance with their nature,type and quantity of s

关 键 词：环境工程学 废旧弹药 销毁 拆卸 装药倒空 绿色处理 

分 类 号：X789[环境科学与工程—环境工程]