人工沸石草本对白云鄂博干旱矿区土壤养分的影响  

Effects of artificial zeolite-herbaceous on soil nutrients in arid mining areas of Bayan Obo

作　　者：李文烨 孙保平[1] 张文强[2] 张建锋[1] 武毅 毛骁 LI Wenye;SUN Baoping;ZHANG Wenqiang;ZHANG Jianfeng;WU Yi;MAO Xiao(School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点试验室,北京100085

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2020年第5期9-16,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：台湾塑胶工业有限公司项目“河北省张家口地区干旱造林保水材料试验研究”(660349);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“和林格尔黄土沟壑区生态系统脆弱性评价与水土流失综合治理措施体现研究”(661604055)。

摘　　要：针对我国矿区水土流失频发、土壤养分贫瘠等问题,开展干旱矿区土壤改良盆栽试验。试验以内蒙古白云鄂博矿区土壤为供试土壤,冰草、紫花苜蓿2种草本为研究对象,以改良剂人工沸石(设置0、5、10和20 g/kg 4个用量)为土壤修复材料,选取植物生物量、土壤微生物数量、微生物量碳氮和速效氮磷钾进行分析测定。结果表明:1)冰草联合沸石使用后,相比对照组,土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别增加11.02%、15.25%和50.67%,土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮分别是对照组的2.23和2.68倍;2)紫花苜蓿联合沸石使用后,微生物数量分别是对照组的1.31、2.29和9.55倍,土壤速效氮、磷和钾较施用前分别增加20.1%、97.9%和29.5%;3)主成分分析法及聚类分析法综合表明,人工沸石施用量为20、10 g/kg可分别作为冰草和紫花苜蓿改良剂的最佳用量。在同等人工沸石施用量下,栽植紫花苜蓿的土壤响应更强,紫花苜蓿可作为干旱矿区土壤改良的先锋草本植物。研究结论可以为干旱矿区改良剂施用、土地恢复提供一定依据,也为矿山绿化提供参考。[Background]Soil nutrition is a basic limiting factor of plant growth,especially for ecological construction in arid area of northern China.In order to solve the problems of frequent soil and water loss and poor soil nutrients in arid mining areas,the pot-experiments of soil improvement were carried out using ameliorant.The application of soil amendment in arid zones can compensate the shortcomings above,and the optimal amount of it for different herbs still needs to be studied.[Methods]The experiments took two herbs:Agropyron smithii and Medicago sativa and artificial zeolite as soil repairing materials(set 4 levels of 0,5,10,and 20 g/kg respectively).Undisturbed topsoil of 0-20 cm from each sample point was collected by soil drill.After sampling,the soil samples were mixed evenly for the pot-experiments.A total of 24 potted plants were cultivated in this study.After six months of plant growth,the nutrient indicators including plant biomass,soil microbial quantity(involving bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and available nitrogen,phosphorus,and kalium were measured.[Results]1)The combination of 2 herbaceous and artificial zeolite increased soil nutrient and promoted plant growth.The bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soil increased by 11.02%,15.25%and 50.67%respectively after the use of A.smithii combined with artificial zeolite.The soil MBC and MBN were 2.23 times and 2.68 times than that of the control group respectively.2)The number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes after using M.sativa combined with artificial zeolite were 1.31,2.29 and 9.55 times than before.Compared with no artificial zeolite precipitation,the available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased by 20.1%,97.9%and 29.5%in the soil of M.sativa 3)Comprehensive analysis via principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis showed that optimal artificial zeolite dosage of A.smithii and M.sativa were 20 and 10 g/kg respectively.The response of M.sativa s

关 键 词：水肥保持 土壤养分 干旱矿区 植物生长 

分 类 号：S817[农业科学—畜牧学]