关于区域与国别研究方法论的思考  

Observations on Methodologies of Area Studies

作　　者：李强[1,2] LI Qiang

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院 [2]北京大学欧洲研究中心

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2020年第5期153-162,I0006,共11页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：区域与国别研究的方法论问题一直充满争议。传统的基于人文学科的研究方法重视语言、文化与历史研究,强调地方性知识的价值。而社会科学的方法则以研究普遍规律为宗旨,试图通过严格的科学方法,分析区域与国别的个案,并从个案研究中找出人类行为的一般规律。两种方法论之间曾有过相互批评的经历。但仔细考察各自的观点会发现两种方法各有其独特的价值。借鉴韦伯的理想类型概念可以帮助我们融合两种方法论,促进区域与国别研究的发展。There have been controversies on the methodologies in area studies in the academic world.Area studies in the traditional humanities field put great emphasis on language,culture and history,as well as on local knowledge about the targeted areas and countries.Methodology of social sciences on the other hand aims to search for universal laws of nature and of society that remain true without the limit of time and space,as it attempts to employ strict scientific instruments to analyze the individual cases in particular areas or countries,thus arriving at general laws that are presumed to govern human behaviors.Advocates of these two types of methodologies have been criticizing each other for a time.A careful examination of the arguments of these two methodologies could,however,find that both have great merits.Max Weber’s conception of the ideal type could help us reconcile the differences between those two methodologies and develop a more synthesized methodology in area studies.

关 键 词：区域与国别研究 人文方法 社会科学方法 科学主义 理想类型 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] C3[政治法律—政治学]