Effective(kinetic freeze-out) temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume in high energy collisions  

作　　者：Muhammad Waqas Fu-Hu Liu Li-Li Li Haidar Mas’ud Alfanda 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Theoretical Physics and State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China [2]Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China [3]School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [4]Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China

出　　处：《Nuclear Science and Techniques》2020年第11期36-49,共14页核技术（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11575103 and 11947418);the Chinese Government Scholarship(China Scholarship Council);the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP)(No.201802017);the Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.201901D111043);the Fund for Shanxi‘‘1331 Project’’Key Subjects Construction。

摘　　要：The transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles produced in central and peripheral gold–gold(Au–Au)and inelastic proton–proton(pp)collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,as well as in central and peripheral lead-lead(Pb–Pb)and pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider,are analyzed by the multi-component standard(Boltzmann–Gibbs,Fermi–Dirac,and Bose–Einstein)distributions.The obtained results from the standard distribution give an approximate agreement with the measured experimental data by the STAR,PHENIX,and ALICE Collaborations.The behavior of the effective(kinetic freeze-out)temperature,transverse flow velocity,and kinetic freeze-out volume for particles with different masses is obtained,which observes the early kinetic freezeout of heavier particles as compared to the lighter particles.The parameters of emissions of different particles are observed to be different,which reveals a direct signature of the mass-dependent differential kinetic freeze-out.It is also observed that the peripheral nucleus–nucleus(AA)and pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair are in good agreement in terms of the extracted parameters.

关 键 词：Transverse momentum spectra Effective temperature Kinetic freeze-out temperature Transverse flow velocity Kinetic freeze-out volume 

分 类 号：O572.214[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]