设施水蕹菜土表覆盖不同长度水稻短秸秆的腐解效应  

Decomposition effect of rice straws of different lengths in soil of water spinach

作　　者：张昊 江解增[1] 张永仙 钱佳宇 李东昇 刘辉 ZHANG Hao;JIANG Jiezeng;ZHANG Yongxian;QIAN Jiayu;LI Dongsheng;LIU hui(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第5期95-100,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省科技攻关项目(BE2017380);江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系专项(JATS[2019]455)。

摘　　要：在大棚封底塑料栽培箱中,以不覆盖水稻秸秆为对照,比较覆盖量为15 t·hm-2的10、20 cm不同长度水稻秸秆土表覆盖并浅水种植泰国柳叶蕹菜,探讨对秸秆腐解率、蕹菜产量及设施土壤养分的影响。结果表明:经过4—10月份共180 d试验, 2个处理的水稻秸秆腐解率均为100%,覆盖秸秆处理的蕹菜总产量较对照增产19.07%~20.28%,其氮、磷、钾含量也高于对照;土壤表层土壤硝酸盐含量较种植前下降22.29%~42.20%,土壤溶解性有机碳上升21.15%~28.00%,易氧化有机碳上升27.03%~52.85%,总有机碳上升2.83%~3.03%。由此说明缩短规格能显著提高水稻秸秆腐解率,且能明显提高蕹菜产量并吸收转移更多的氮磷钾养分,降低土壤表层硝酸盐,提升土壤有机碳含量。In the greenhouse cultivation experiment box, in order to study the different length of rice straw effect on straw effects of decay rate, yield of water spinach and soil nutrients of facilities, we compared the 10 cm and 20 cm segment 15 t·hm-2rice straw which was covered on the soil to the control which not covered rice straw. The results showed that after 180 days of experiment from April to October, the decomposition rate of the rice straws of the two treatments was 100%, and the total yield of water spinach covered with straw increased by 19.07%-20.28% compared with the control, and its N, P, K nitrate content is also higher than that of the control;the nitrate content of the surface soil of the soil decreased by 22.29%-42.20% compared with that before planting, the dissolved organic carbon of the soil increased by 21.15-28.00%, the oxidized organic carbon increased by 27.03%-52.85%, and the total organic carbon content increased by 2.83%-3.03%. Therefore, it is believed that shortening the specifications can significantly improve the decomposition rate of rice straw, and can significantly increase the yield of water spinach and absorb and transfer more N, P, K nutrients, reduce soil surface nitrate, and increase soil organic carbon content.

关 键 词：蕹菜 水稻短秸秆 腐解率 产量 硝酸盐 有机碳含量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]