船基雷达实时自动化水边界测绘方法研究  

Real-time and automatic extraction of water surface boundary using shipborne radar

作　　者：王华 蒋建平 周建红 冯传勇 杨彪[2] WANG Hua;JIANG Jianping;ZHOU Jianhong;FENG Chuanyong;YANG Biao(Lower Changjiang River Bureau of Hydrological and Water Resources Survey,Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Nanjing 210011,China;School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水文水资源勘测局,江苏南京210011 [2]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《人民长江》2020年第11期76-81,172,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502604);安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目“无人机开发及数据应用”(WRJ19005)。

摘　　要：实时、自动的水边界提取在水文监测、水情预报、抗洪决策等领域需求迫切,亦是国内外公认的难题。将民用船用雷达引入水边界测绘领域,通过研究船用雷达、GNSS罗经、数码相机多传感器集成与多源异构数据融合的水边界提取理论,构建雷达影像水边界智能化高精度提取模型,提出了一种低成本、高效率、自动化、全天候、实时化的船基水边界测量新方法。实验与应用结果表明该方法具有以下显著优势:①采用主动式雷达遥感,具有全天候、全天时作业能力;②水边界智能化提取模型可实现水边界的自动化、实时化、高效率提取;③可实现水下地形测量与水边界测量的同步一体化,不占用额外作业时间;④能够充分利用船用雷达、GNSS罗经等船上现有设备,硬件成本投入低;⑤可满足1∶5000及以下比例尺地形图水边界测绘的精度要求。The real-time and automatic extraction of water surface boundary,still a challenging problem at home and abroad,is urgently needed in the fields of hydrological monitoring,hydrographic forecasting and flood control decision-making.In this paper,the shipborne radar was introduced into water surface boundary surveying.On the basis of the water surface boundary extraction theory of shipborne radar,GNSS compass,digital camera multi-sensor integration and multi-source heterogeneous data fusion,an intelligent and high accuracy extraction model of water surface boundary from radar image was constructed.Meanwhile,a new method of water surface boundary surveying and mapping with low cost,high efficiency,automation,all-day and all-weather,real-time was proposed.The experimental results show that this method has the following significant advantages:(1)the operation is safe and the method has all-day and all-weather capability by using active radar remote sensing;(2)the developed intelligent extraction model can achieve the automatic,real-time and high-efficiency extraction of water boundary;(3)the method can realize the synchronous integration of underwater topographic surveying and water boundary measurement without taking up additional operation time;(4)it can make full use of shipborne radar,GNSS and other existing equipment on board,which has low hardware cost;(5)it can meet the accuracy requirements of water surface boundary mapping of 1:5000 topographic map.

关 键 词：水边界提取 水下地形实时测绘 船基雷达 GNSS罗经 

分 类 号：P335[天文地球—水文科学]