框架结构楼房逐跨向内倾倒爆破拆除  

Span-by-span Inward Collapse Blasting Demolition of Frame Structure Building

作　　者：刘昌邦 贾永胜[1,2,3] 黄小武 伍岳[1,2,3] 孙金山 姚颖康[1,2,3] LIU Chang-bang;JIA Yong-sheng;HUANG Xiao-wu;WU Yue;SUN Jin-shan;YAO Ying-kang(Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei(Wuhan)Explosions and Blasting Technology Institute of Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Wuhan Explosions&Blasting Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056 [2]江汉大学湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉430056 [3]武汉爆破有限公司,武汉430056

出　　处：《爆破》2020年第4期81-88,共8页Blasting

基　　金：湖北省自科基金重点项目(创新群体,2020CFA043);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)。

摘　　要：为提高爆破拆除的安全性,拓宽爆破拆除的应用范围,结合工程案例提出了框架结构楼房“逐跨向内倾倒”爆破拆除技术。通过无人机搭载夜视相机摄影观测和动力学学有限元数值模拟计算,分析了框架楼房爆破拆除倒塌运动过程与爆堆形态,研究了逐跨向内倒塌爆破拆除的技术要点。通过布置4层爆破切口,自中间向两侧逐跨延时310ms依次起爆,主动控制楼体的运动姿态,确保楼房可靠地连续倒塌,实现集中爆堆、充分解体和降低振动的目标。经研究发现:两侧楼体在倒塌过程中既有纵向运动又有横向运动,构件间的碰撞挤压几率增加,承重构件由单一的受压破坏转化为形式多样的弯剪破坏。与传统定向爆破拆除技术相比,逐跨向内倒塌爆破拆除技术在控制倒塌姿态、促进爆堆解体和削弱触地振动等方面更具优越性,为城市复杂环境下建筑物爆破拆除提供了新的设计思路。In order to improve the safety and broaden the application of blasting demolition,a technology of “span-by-span inward collapse blasting demolition” for the frame structure building is proposed combined with engineering cases.The collapse movement process and pile shape of blasting demolition were analyzed.Furthermore,the technical points of span-by-span inward collapse blasting demolition were studied through photographic observations of UAV equipped with night vision cameras and dynamics finite element numerical simulation.During the blast operation,four layers of blasting cuts were initiated sequentially from the middle to both sides with a delay time of 310 ms,which actively controlled the movement posture and ensured the reliable continuous collapse of the building.Those measures could realize the goals of concentrated blasting piles,full dismantlement and reduced vibrations.According to research,there are both longitudinal and transverse movements during the collapse of the buildings on both sides.Thus,the probability of collision and extrusion between the components increases,and the load-bearing components change from a single compression failure to various forms of bending and shear failures.Compared with traditional directional blasting demolition technology,blasting demolition of span-by-span inward collapse has more advantages in controlling the collapse posture,promoting the dismantlement of the blasting piles,and reducing the touchdown vibrations.It provides a new design idea for blasting demolition of buildings in complex urban environments.

关 键 词：爆破拆除 框架结构楼房 爆破效果 摄影观测 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU746.6[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]