余姚市2011-2018年HIV/AIDS病例流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018

作　　者：袁士杰[1] 龚亮亮 何丽萍[1] YUAN Shi-jie;GONG Liang-liang;HE Li-ping(Yuyao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yuyao,Zhejiang 315400,China)

机构地区：[1]余姚市疾病预防控制中心,浙江余姚315400

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2020年第5期651-654,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的分析余姚市2011-2018年HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征,为制定精准防治措施提供科学依据。方法根据中国疾病预防控制中心艾滋病综合防治信息管理系统中2011-2018年余姚市报告的病例历史卡片,建立Excel数据库,采用SPSS20.0软件,用χ^2检验进行统计分析。结果 2011-2018年共发现HIV/AIDS病例466例,阳性率为4.53/万;当年死亡59例,病死率为12.66%。2011-2017年新发现HIV/AIDS病例数从31例(3.72/万)增加到87例(4.88/万),但不同年份之间的HIV/AIDS阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=3.429,P>0.05)。2011-2018年新发现HIV/AIDS病例的来源以医疗机构和疾控机构检测为主,分别占52.15%和41.85%,疾控机构筛查阳性率显著高于医疗机构和第三方检测机构,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=963.02,P<0.01)。2011-2018年新发现HIV/AIDS病例男女性别比为2.88∶1,25~50岁病例占59.44%,农民占45.28%,异性性传播占60.52%,本县区病例占65.45%。结论 2011-2018年余姚市新发现HIV/AIDS病例阳性率保持平稳,主要来自医疗机构和疾控机构,传播途径以异性性传播为主。余姚市应制定新的防治措施对异性性传播进行干预,加强对本地区中老年人宣传教育。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in Yuyao City from 2011 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of accurate prevention and treatment measures. Methods According to the case reporting cards in the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of China CDC from 2011 to 2018, Excel database was established, SPSS20.0 software and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 466 cases were diagnosed from 2011 to 2018, with a positive rate of 4.53/10000;a total of 59 cases died in the same year, the fatality rate was 12.66%. The number of new HIV/AIDS cases increased from 31(3.72/10000)to 87(4.88/10000) from 2011 to 2017. There was no significant difference in HIV/AIDS positive rate among different years(χ^2=3.429, P>0.05). The new HIV/AIDS cases from 2011 to 2018 were mainly tested by medical institutions and CDCs, accounting for 52.15% and 41.85%, respectively, the positive rate screening in CDCs was significantly higher than that in medical institutions and other testing institutions(χ^2=963.02, P<0.01). The gender ratio of new HIV/AIDS cases was 2.88∶1, about 59.44% of the cases were 25-50 years old, and 45.28% of the cases were farmers, the rate of heterosexual transmission was 60.52%, and 65.45% of the cases occurred in local county. Conclusion From 2011 to 2018, the positive rates of new HIV/AIDS cases in Yuyao City remain stable, mainly from medical institutions and CDCs, heterosexual transmission is the main transmission route. It is suggested that new prevention and control measures for heterosexual transmission should be made, and publicity and education for the middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened.

关 键 词：艾滋病 新发现病例 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R183[医药卫生—临床医学]