六安市公共场所室内空气中甲醛污染对从业人员的健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air of public places on employees in Lu’an City

作　　者：翟和亮 陈栋[1] 罗慧敏[1] 李玉 ZHAI He-liang;CHEN Dong;LUO Hui-ming;LI Yu(Public Health Division,Lu'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lu'an Anhui,237000,China)

机构地区：[1]六安市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,安徽六安237000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第17期2396-2399,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的评价六安市公共场所室内空气中甲醛污染对从业人员健康的癌症风险。方法2018—2019年对六安市18家宾馆和16家美容美发场所室内空气中甲醛浓度进行监测,并应用健康风险评价方法对空气中甲醛污染对从业人员的癌症风险进行评价。结果宾馆和美容美发场所室内空气中甲醛浓度的平均值分别为0.036和0.056 mg/m^3,均低于GB 37488—2019《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》规定的限值(≤0.100 mg/m^3),2类场所甲醛浓度比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.899,P<0.01)。宾馆男性和女性职工的甲醛癌症风险分别为7.09×10^-5和6.77×10^-5,美容美发场所男性和女性职工的甲醛癌症风险分别为1.50×10^-4和1.32×10^-4,超出了美国环境保护局制定的安全限值(1.00×10^-6),美容美发场所的从业人员室内空气中甲醛的癌症风险高于宾馆,男性职工公共场所室内空气中甲醛的癌症风险高于女性职工。结论美容美发场所和宾馆均存在甲醛癌症风险,美容美发场所风险较高,应从减少从业人员暴露时间、降低工作场所甲醛暴露浓度等方面着手降低其甲醛癌症风险。Objective To study the cancer risk of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air of public places on employees in Lu’an City.Methods From 2018 to 2019,the formaldehyde content in indoor air of 18 hotels and 16 beauty salons in Lu’an City was monitored.Health risk assessment method was used to evaluate the cancer risk of workers exposed to formaldehyde pollution in indoor air.Results The mean formaldehyde concentration in hotels and beauty salons was 0.036 and 0.056 mg/m^3 respectively,which were lower than the limit in GB 37488-2019 Hygienic indicators and limits for public places(≤0.100 mg/m^3),and there was statistically significant difference in formaldehyde concentration between the two kinds of places(Z=3.899,P<0.01).The formaldehyde cancer risk of male and female employees in the hotel was 7.09×10^-5 and 6.77×10^-5 respectively,while the formaldehyde cancer risk of male and female employees in the beauty salon was 1.50×10^-4 and 1.32×10^-4 respectively,which exceeded the safety limit(1.00×10^-6)set by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.The cancer risk from the formaldehyde in indoor air of employees in the beauty salon was higher than that of employees in the hotel.The cancer risk from the formaldehyde in indoor air of male employees was higher than that of female employees.Conclusion There are formaldehyde cancer risks in beauty salons and hotels,and the risk of beauty salons is high.It is necessary to reduce exposure time and formaldehyde concentration in the workplace to decrease the formaldehyde cancer risk.

关 键 词：公共场所 甲醛 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]