水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病抗性鉴定方法  

Methods for Evaluation of Rice Resistance to Blast and Sheath Blight Diseases

作　　者：贺闽[1] 尹俊杰 冯志明 朱孝波 赵剑华 左示敏[2] 陈学伟[1] Min He;Junjie Yin;Zhiming Feng;Xiaobo Zhu;Jianhua Zhao;Shimin Zuo;Xuewei Chen(State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China,Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education!Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding,College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室(筹)水稻研究所四川农业大学,成都611130 [2]植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室/江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室扬州大学农学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《植物学报》2020年第5期577-587,共11页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31825022,No.31871920,No.31872858);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(No.BE2019339)。

摘　　要：水稻(Oryza sativa)是世界上最重要的粮食作物,但稻瘟病和纹枯病等病害严重危害水稻的产量和品质,给我国乃至全球粮食安全带来巨大威胁。鉴定水稻抗病资源、克隆抗病基因、揭示抗性机理并在育种中加以利用,对抵御水稻病害和保障粮食安全具有十分重要的作用。准确评价水稻资源的抗病性,是开展抗病机理研究和育种生产应用的关键环节。该文详述了水稻幼苗期人工喷雾接种、分蘖期和孕穗期田间注射接种与离体叶片戳伤接种的稻瘟病抗性鉴定方法,以及水稻分蘖期田间接种、孕穗期温室接种和离体茎秆接种的纹枯病抗性鉴定方法,以期为同行鉴定水稻资源、开展抗病理论和应用研究提供参考。Rice is the most important crop in the world.However,rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani are two of diseases,which threaten both yield and quality of rice most severely.To ensure food security,it is very important to identify disease-resistant rice germplasm,clone disease resistant genes,uncover the molecular basis and apply them in rice breeding program.Accurate evaluation of the disease resistance of rice is fundamental to both uncover disease resistance mechanism and improve resistance in rice breeding.Here,we describe the common methods for evaluating rice blast disease resistance by spraying inoculation of seedlings with M.oryzae,injection inoculation at rice tillering and booting stage,and punch inoculation of detached rice leaves.We also describe the methods for evaluating rice sheath blight disease resistance by field inoculation with R.solani at rice tillering stage,greenhouse inoculation at rice booting stage,and inoculation of rice detached-stems in growth chamber.We believe these methods could provide useful protocols for colleagues who aim to identify rice disease-resistant resources,dissect the underlying molecular mechanism and breed elite rice varieties with improved disease resistance.

关 键 词：水稻 稻瘟病 纹枯病 抗病性鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.111.42[农业科学—植物保护]