二战后德国养老保险制度改革及启示  

German Pension System Reforms after World WarⅡ

作　　者：杨伟国[1] 袁可 YANG Weiguo;YUAN Ke(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期40-46,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

摘　　要：20世纪50年代,第二次世界大战后的德国政府进行了养老保险制度改革,从多个维度缓解了失业问题并提升了劳动力市场流动性。随着社会发展和环境变化,改革持续进行以全面维持经济社会稳定发展和人民生活需求。文章试图解释改革如何在环境变化中产生,改革后的制度又如何反作用于环境。对历史变迁的回顾、对社会背景的分析和对政策的解读,有助于深入理解养老保险制度改革,并因地制宜产生有实践意义的启示。The pension system in German started in 1880s.Until 1950s,a series of pension reforms were enacted continuously because of the change of social environment after the World WarⅡ.Various pensions were settled for different purposes,from the purpose of political stability,to encouraging labor mobility and relieving unemployment.Until the end of the 20th century,the sustainability reforms begin to balance more and more complicated economic environment and public living standards.For the content of reforms,changes happened to form financing strategy,pension calculation methods and also ages adapted to policy.In terms of consequences after reforms,the article includes the change of retirement ages,old-age employment and public finance expense including relevant ratios.In the micro level,the article puts together different studies on public reactions towards new pension system,and different social groups reactions under the current pension system.Based on the above,this article analyzes the expected retirement ages under the influence of new pension system,and provides available references for China.

关 键 词：德国 养老保险改革 人口老龄化 劳动力市场 延迟退休 

分 类 号：C979[经济管理—劳动经济]