小儿急性中毒的临床分析与预防策略  

Clinical Analysis and Prevention Strategy of Acute Poisoning in Children

作　　者：沈文丽 SHEN Wen-li(Department of Neonatology,Xuyi County People's Hospital,Huaian,Jiangsu Province,211700China)

机构地区：[1]盱眙县人民医院新生儿科,江苏淮安211700

出　　处：《世界复合医学》2020年第11期145-147,共3页World Journal of Complex Medicine

摘　　要：目的探析近3年该县小儿急性中毒的分类、病因、好发年龄、季节、城乡差别等,提出有效的预防策略。方法将该院2017年1月—2019年12月期间收治的99例急性中毒患儿选为研究对象,采用回顾性分析法了解患儿病例情况。结果中毒途径和原因:1例呼吸道中毒,其余98例均为经消化道中毒,其中主动自杀1例,被动自杀1例,其他96例均为误服;药物中毒发生率最高占比57%,其次是农药和鼠药,分别占比15%和13%,生活用品11%,CO 1%,其他3%。中毒的好发年龄0~3岁,且多为轻中症,无一例死亡。春季中毒小儿21例,夏季32例,秋季27例,冬季19例,中毒高发时间在夏、秋两季,冬春差距不大。结论中毒是儿科常见急症,可危及儿童健康,故加强防范意识、强化健康宣教、进行儿童安全意识教育、妥善管理常备药物、毒物、生活用品,对于预防小儿中毒有重要意义。Objective To analyze the classification,etiology,age,season,urban and rural differences of acute poisoning in children in the county in the past three years,and to propose effective prevention strategies.Methods 99 children with acute poisoning admitted to the hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects,and retrospective analysis was used to understand the situation of the children.Results Pathways and causes of poisoning:1 case of respiratory tract poisoning,the remaining 98 cases were all trans-digestive tract poisoning,of which 1 case was active suicide,1 case was passive suicide,and the other 96 cases were mistakenly taken;drug poisoning had the highest incidence,accounting for 57%,followed by pesticides and rodenticides,accounting for 15%and 13%respectively,daily necessities 11%,CO 1%,and others 3%.The most common age of poisoning was 0-3 years old,and most of them were mild to moderate illness,and there was no death.There were 21 cases of poisoning in children in spring,32 cases in summer,27 cases in autumn,and 19 cases in winter.The high incidence of poisoning occurred in summer and autumn,and the difference between winter and spring was small.Conclusion Poisoning is a common emergency in pediatrics and can endanger children's health.Therefore,strengthening awareness of prevention,strengthening health education,education of children's safety awareness,and proper management of standing drugs,poisons,and daily necessities are of great significance for preventing pediatric poisoning.

关 键 词：小儿 急性中毒 中毒原因 预防对策 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]