巢湖水体中重金属污染特征及评价  

The Characteristics and Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Water of Chaohu Lake

作　　者：杨碧莹 杨金香[1] 杨阳 李小龙[1] 胡友彪[1] 刘翔 YANG Biying;YANG Jinxiang;YANG Yang;LI Xiaolong;HU Youbiao;LIU Xiang(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期64-69,共6页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：安徽巢湖流域水环境综合治理项目亚行贷款基金资助项目(Loan 2941-PRC)。

摘　　要：通过文献收集1985~2017年巢湖水体重金属数据,对重金属总量与溶解态浓度多年的时空变化特征进行了分析研究,采用不同方法对重金属进行污染评价,最后对其进行源分析。结果表明,重金属总量浓度的多年浓度均值显示Fe超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)限值,Cd和Cr符合Ⅱ类标准,Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn符合Ⅰ类标准。空间上,多年数据表明西湖区的污染程度高于东湖区。内梅罗指数法表明,对于总量浓度,东湖区的主要污染因子为Fe和Hg;对于溶解态浓度,Hg为全湖区、东湖区和西湖区的主要污染因子,西湖区污染程度普遍高于东湖区,污染指数法结果表明各湖区不同重金属污染均很低,巢湖多年水质重金属污染水平为“轻度污染”。源解析结果表明,Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn主要来自工业污染源;Cd主要来自农业生产源;Hg主要来自生活污水和燃煤焚烧的混合源。With the data of heavy metals in the water of Chaohu Lake from 1985 to 2017 collected through literature,the spatial and temporal variations of total and dissolved heavy metals concentration over the years were analyzed and studied.The pollution of heavy metals was evaluated by using different methods and the sources of heavy metals were analyzed at last.The results showed that the multi-year mean value of the total concentration of heavy metals indicated Fe higher than the limitations of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002),while Cd and Cr lower than the limitations of GradeⅡand Cu,Pb,Zn and Mn lower than the limitations of GradeⅠ.In terms of spatial distribution,the data of many years indicated that the concentration of heavy metals in the western part of Chaohu Lake were higher than those in the eastern part.The Nemerow index method showed that Fe and Hg were the main pollution factors in the eastern part for total concentration of heavy metals.For the dissolved concentration,Hg was the main pollution factor in the whole lake area,meanwhile,the pollution degree in the western part was generally higher than that in the eastern part.The result of degree of contamination(C d)showed a low pollution of each heavy metal in each part of the lake,indicating that the level of heavy metal pollution in Chaohu Lake for many years was"light".Through the source analysis,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn were found mainly from industrial pollution sources,Cd mainly from agricultural production source and Hg mainly from mixed source of domestic sewage and coal burning.

关 键 词：水体 重金属污染 总量浓度 溶解态浓度 污染评价 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]